Yankho lenileni ndi loipa kuposa momwe timabuku totsatsa timafuna kuti mukhulupirire. Mabatire am'madzi si chinthu chimodzi chabe-ndi gulu lonse la mabatire opangidwa (mwachiganizo, mulimonse) kuti athe kuthana ndi chilango chapadera chomwe chimabwera ndi kukhala pamadzi. Koma apa ndi pamene zimakhala zovuta: si mabatire onse apanyanja omwe amagwira ntchito yofanana, ndipo moona mtima, ena a iwo sali osiyana ndi omwe mungaike m'galimoto yanu.
Ndisanadutse mitundu ndi mafotokozedwe, ndiroleni ndikhale patsogolo: izi zikusintha mwachangu kwambiri. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa ngati kukhazikitsidwa kwa batire ya m'madzi zaka zisanu zapitazo zitha kukhala upangiri wachikale lero, makamaka ndiukadaulo wa lithiamu womwe ukugwetsa phwando.
Chifukwa Chiyani Simungangogwiritsa Ntchito Batri Yagalimoto?
Mwaukadaulo mungathe-Ndawonapo anthu akuchita-koma sizabwino pazifukwa zomwe sizimawonekera poyamba.
Mabatire amgalimoto amapangidwira ntchito imodzi yokha: kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri kuti mutembenuzire injini yanu, kenako ndikuwonjezeranso ndi alternator. Ndizomwe zimatchedwa "mabatire oyambira" kapena SLI (kuyambira, kuyatsa, kuyatsa) mabatire. Ma mbale otsogolera mkati ndi opyapyala ndipo amakhala ndi malo akuluakulu kuti awonjezere nkhonya yoyambayo. Mukangoyambitsa injini, batire imangoyenda mozungulira, kukhala pamwamba.
Pa boti, mukupempha mabatire kuti achite zambiri. Zoonadi, mukufunika kuyatsa injini, koma mukuyendetsanso zamagetsi, mapampu amadzi, magetsi, mwina chopeza nsomba, mwinanso chololera-nthawi zonse injiniyo imakhala yozimitsa kwa maola ambiri. Sungani batire yagalimoto mpaka 50 peresenti kangapo ndipo muyipha. Mambale owonda sanapangidwe kuti azikwera njinga zakuya. Adzapindika, sulphate, ndi kulephera mofulumira kuposa momwe chitsimikizo chikusonyezera.
Ndiye pali madzi. Maboti amayendayenda mozungulira. Iwo amapitirira. Nthawi zina amanyamula mafunde pamwamba pa uta. Mabatire amgalimoto amatha kutaya asidi akamangika chifukwa ali ndi ma electrolyte amadzimadzi omwe amazungulira mkati. Izi sizongosokoneza-ndizowopsa ndipo zimatha kuwononga chilichonse chomwe chili pafupi.
Mitundu Itatuyo Palibe Amene Akufotokoza Momveka
Apa ndipamene dziko la batri la m'madzi limakwiyitsa, chifukwa opanga sapanga izi kuti zimvetsetse.
Mabatire Oyambira:Awa ndi mabatire amgalimoto omwe amati amalephera kugwedezeka-. Mwina ali, mwina sali-Sindinawone deta yolimba yomwe ili yokhutiritsa. Adzakugwedezani panja kapena injini yamkati, koma musawafunse kuti aziyendetsa katundu wanu kwa nthawi yayitali. Mudzawona izi zitalembedwa kuti "mabatire akugwedeza" kapena "mabatire oyambira panyanja" okhala ndi nambala yayikulu ya CCA (cold cranking amps) palembapo.
Mabatire Ozama Kwambiri:Izi ndi zomwe mukufuna poyendetsa zinthu injini ikazima. Ali ndi mbale zokulirapo zomwe zimatha kutulutsidwa mpaka 50 peresenti (kapena kutsika ndi mitundu ina) mobwerezabwereza. Kuzungulira kozama kungakupangitseni 500-1000 mikombero isanakwane, koma chiwerengerocho chimapangidwa ndi madipatimenti otsatsa. Zotsatira zenizeni padziko lapansi zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera momwe mumazigwiritsira ntchito.
Gawo losokoneza? Osati mabatire onse a "deep cycle" amapangidwa mofanana. Ena akungoyamba mabatire okhala ndi zilembo zosiyanasiyana. Njira yokhayo yodziwira ndikuwunika zenizeni-kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa malo (RC) kapena amp-maola (Ah), osati CCA yokha.
Mabatire Awiri Awiri:Njira yolumikizirana yomwe imayesa kuchita ntchito zonse ziwiri. Ndipo monga kunyengerera zambiri, sizili zabwino konse. Adzayambitsa injini yanu ndipo adzayendetsa zowonjezera, koma sangagwedezeke molimbika ngati batire loyambira lodzipatulira ndipo sangayendetse kangapo ngati kuzungulira kozama kwenikweni.
Ndayankhula ndi anthu okwanira ku marinas kuti adziwe kuti -mabatire acholinga ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri pamabwato ang'onoang'ono, makamaka chifukwa kukhala ndi batire imodzi ndikosavuta. Kaya ndizo zanzeru zimatengera momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito bwato lanu.
AGM Hype ndi Pamene Zili Zofunika
Mabatire a Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) adakhala chinthu chotentha kwambiri m'mapulogalamu apanyanja mwina 10-zaka 15 zapitazo, ndipo tsopano aliyense akukhala ngati ndinu chitsiru ngati mukugwiritsabe ntchito mabatire a lead-lead-acid osefukira.
Kodi ma AGM ali bwino? Kawirikawiri, eya. Electrolyte imalowetsedwa mu magilasi a fiberglass m'malo mozungulira ngati madzi, kuti asatayike. Amachapira mwachangu, amatsitsa pang'onopang'ono, komanso amatha kugwedezeka bwino. Amawononganso ndalama zowirikiza kawiri kuposa mabatire osefukira.
Izi ndi zomwe zida zotsatsa sizikuwuzani: Ma AGM ndi osankha pakulipiritsa. Achulukitseni ndipo muwaphike. Adzawathira mocheperapo ndipo adzakhala ndi sulphate monga mmene zilili ndi batire ya asidi-ya asidi. Ngati makina othamangitsira m'boti lanu adakhazikitsidwa kuti akhale ndi mabatire osefukira (ambiri ali), mungafunike kusintha makonzedwe amagetsi. Ndinaphunzira izi movutirapo pabwato la msuweni wanga pamene tinasinthana ndi AGM ndipo ndinadabwa chifukwa chake mabatire amatenga nyengo ziwiri zokha.
Kwa mabwato omwe akhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi-ndipo tiyeni tinene zoona, amenewo ndiye mabwato osangalatsa kwambiri{1}}Ma AGM amamveka bwino chifukwa amatuluka mochedwa-. Simungabwererenso ku mabatire akufa mu kasupe.
Lithium: Ukadaulo Waukulu, Messy Reality
Mabatire a Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) amakhala abwinoko pafupifupi mwanjira iliyonse yofunika. Ndiopepuka, amawononga mwachangu, mutha kuwatsitsa mpaka 20 peresenti kapena kutsika osawonongeka, ndipo mwina amathamangitsa bwato lanu.
Koma apa pali nsomba zomwe palibe amene amazitchula kutsogolo: bwato lanu mwina silinawakonzere.
Ma alternators ambiri amadziwombera okha poyesa kulipiritsa batire ya lithiamu chifukwa mabatire a lithiamu amavomereza mwachangu kwambiri kuti alternator itenthe. Mufunika alternator yokhala ndi chowongolera chanzeru kapena DC-mpaka-chaja ya DC pakati. Ndi $500-1000 ina pamwamba pa mabatire okwera kale.
Ndiye pali nyengo yozizira. Mabatire a lithiamu sangathe kutchaji ngati akuzizira kwambiri, choncho mumafunika yokhala ndi chotenthetsera-chomangira ngati kuli kozizira kulikonse. Mabatire otsika mtengo a lithiamu alibe izi, ndipo anthu amapeza movutikira pomwe batire yawo ya $ 1200 imasandulika kukhala pepala lolemera mu Novembala.
Sindikunena kuti musapite lithiamu-anthu ambiri amasangalala nawo{1}ngodziwani kuti sikungosinthana chabe. Mnyamata wina yemwe ndimamudziwa kudzera mu kalabu yoyendetsa sitimayo adayika lithiamu mu cruiser yake chaka chatha ndipo adakhala milungu ingapo akuthamangitsa ma gremlin mumagetsi ake amagetsi asanayambe kusewera bwino.
Zomwe Palibe Amene Akunena: Mabokosi a Battery ndi Kuyika
Izi sizowoneka bwino, koma zimafunikira kwambiri kuposa batri yomwe nthawi zina.
Mabatire am'madzi amayenera kukhala mu bokosi loyenera la batri, lotetezedwa kuti asasunthe, ndikutuluka kunja. Ndawonapo mabwato pomwe wina adangomanga batri m'chipindamo ndikuchitcha kuti chabwino. Batirelo likakanika (ndipo onse amalephera pamapeto pake), kuchuluka kwa gasi wa haidrojeni pakulipiritsa kumatha kuyambitsa kuphulika. Ndi osowa, koma n'chifukwa chiyani pachiswe?
Mabatire osefukira amafunikira mpweya wabwino. Ma AGM ndi lithiamu amasindikizidwa, kotero ndi otetezeka, koma mukufunabe kuti akhale otetezedwa. Batire ya 75-pounds ikuwuluka mozungulira kanyumba kanu m'nyanja yoyipa ndi mzinga.
Ndipo ichi ndi china chake chomwe chingakuwonongereni ndalama zambiri: zingwe zazitali. Ikani banki yanu ya batri pamwamba pa uta ndikuyendetsa chingwe cha mapazi 20 kubwerera ku zipangizo zanu, ndipo mukutaya magetsi panjira. Ma calculator akugwetsa magetsi alipo pa intaneti, koma kwenikweni, sungani zothamanga zazifupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito waya wamkulidwe woyenera.
Momwe Mungayesere Battery Yam'madzi
Mayeso a "bounce test" omwe mumawagwetsera ndikuwona ngati akugwirabe ntchito si, ngakhale amalume anu adakuuzani, ndiye mayeso enieni.
Njira yoyenera ndi yoyesa katundu, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito katundu wolemetsa ndikuyesa kutsika kwa magetsi. Malo ambiri ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto amayesa batire yanu kwaulere ngati mutayibweretsa, koma kukokera batire yam'madzi mozungulira kumakhala kowawa.
Pa bwato, mukhoza kupeza chithunzi chabwino ndi multimeter. Ndi batire yodzaza kwathunthu ndikupumula (popanda kulipiritsa, palibe katundu, dikirani kwa ola limodzi), yang'anani mphamvu:
12.6V kapena kupitilira apo=zodzaza
12.4V=pafupifupi 75% yolipitsidwa
12.2V=pafupifupi 50% yolipitsidwa
Pansi pa 12V=zambiri zakufa
Koma izi zimangokuuzani momwe mungakhalire, osati thanzi. Batire yomwe ikufa imatha kuwonetsa 12.6V pakupuma ndikutsika mpaka 11V kachiwiri mukayatsa katundu.
Kuyesa kwabwinoko: ikani katundu wodziwika pa batri (mwina yesani nyali zanyumba yanu ndi wailesi) ndikuwona mphamvu yamagetsi. Ngati itsika mofulumira, batire imakhala yofooka. Izi sizosayansi, koma zidzakuuzani nthawi yoti musinthe ikafika.
Zounikira zina zatsopano za batri zimatha kuyang'anira ma amp-maola mkati ndi kunja pakapita nthawi, kukupatsani chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe mwatsala nazo. Izi zimawononga $200-500 kutengera mawonekedwe, ndipo ngati mukufunitsitsa kudziwa momwe batire yanu ilili, ndiyofunika. Ndidayika imodzi nyengo yatha ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndidazindikira kuti ndikuyendetsa banki yanyumba yanga motsika kuposa momwe ndimaganizira.
Zenizeni-Zochuluka Padziko Lonse motsutsana ndi Nambala Zamalonda
Nayi mfundo yosangalatsa: mlingo wa "100Ah" pa batri yanu? Mwinamwake simungagwiritse ntchito zonsezo.
Pamabatire osefukira ndi AGM, muyenera kutulutsa pafupifupi 50 peresenti ngati mukufuna kuti azitha. Chifukwa chake batire ya "100Ah" imakupatsani pafupifupi 50Ah yamphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikhetseni mopitilira ndipo mukuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wanu.
Mabatire a lithiamu ndiabwinoko-mutha kugwiritsa ntchito 80-90 peresenti ya mphamvu zake zonse-komanso ndi okwera mtengo, choncho mtengo wake pa ola limodzi lokha usakhale wosiyana monga momwe mungaganizire.
Ndawonanso kuti mabatire samawoneka ngati akupereka kuchuluka kwawo kovotera mukayeza. Kaya ndi chifukwa chakuti mavoti ndi abwino kapena chifukwa mabatire ambiri amayamba kunyozeka tsiku limene apangidwa, sindikudziwa. Koma konzani mwina 80-90 peresenti ya kuchuluka komwe kudavoteredwa mukugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni.
Kutentha Kumafunika Kwambiri Kuposa Mukuganiza
Kuchuluka kwa batri kumatsika nyengo yozizira. Batire yoyezera 100Ah pa 80 digiri F ikhoza kungopereka 70Ah pa 32 digiri F. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mabwato kumadera akumpoto amavutika m'nyengo yamasika ndi kugwa-mabatire amakhala opanda mphamvu.
M'malo mwake, kutentha kwakukulu kumawonjezera kuwonongeka. Ngati mabatire anu akuphika m'chipinda cha injini popanda mpweya wabwino, musadabwe akamwalira ali aang'ono. Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa madigiri 15 F pa kutentha kwapakati kumachepetsa moyo wa batri, malinga ndi maphunziro omwe ndawerengapo (ngakhale amenewo anali a mabatire agalimoto, osati apanyanja).
Ndilibe njira yabwino yothetsera izi kuposa "kuyesera kusunga mabatire kuti azizizira ndikukumbukira kuti ndi ofooka m'nyengo yozizira."
Kusintha Mabatire Anu A M'nyanja: Mtengo Weniweni
Batire yozungulira mozama kwambiri imatha mwina $100-200. AGM ndi $200-400. Lithiamu ndi $600-1200 kapena kupitilira apo, kutengera mphamvu.
Koma ndiye batire basi. Ngati mukusintha mitundu, mungafunike:
Zochunira zatsopano ($0 ngati mungathe kuzikonza nokha, $200+ ngati mukufuna katswiri wamagetsi apanyanja)
Zingwe za batri ndi zotengera ($50-150)
DC-mpaka-DC charger ya lithiamu ($300-800)
Chowunikira chatsopano cha batri ($200-500)
Komanso, kutaya mabatire akale kumakhala kowawa. Malo ena amawatenga kwaulere, ena amalipira. Mthovu ndi wapoizoni, chifukwa chake musamangowagwetsera m'dumpster.
Pamene ndinasintha banki ya nyumba ya boti langa chaka chatha, ndinaganiza kuti ndikuwononga $400 pa mabatire awiri a AGM. Pamene ndinkasintha ma terminals a dzimbiri, kukweza chingwe chimodzi, ndi kulipira kuti nditayike, ndinali pafupi ndi $600.
Zomwe Ndimathamanga (Zomwe Zili Zofunika)
Pabwato langa-boti la 26-lomwe limagwira ntchito kumapeto kwa sabata komanso sabata lina{3}}paulendo wautali-Ndimayendetsa gulu limodzi la Gulu 24 AGM loyambira batire ndi mabatire awiri a Gulu 27 AGM aku banki yakunyumba. Izi mwina ndizovuta kwambiri pamaulendo a kumapeto kwa sabata, koma ndimakonda kukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nangula.
Kodi lithiamu ingakhale yabwinoko? Mwamtheradi. Kodi ndingalungamitse mtengo wake pomwe ma AGM akugwirabe ntchito bwino? Osati pano. Mwina izi zikafa muzaka zina za 3-5, mitengo ya lithiamu idzakhala itatsika mokwanira kuti ikhale yomveka.
Kusintha kwanu zikhala kosiyana malingana ndi zomwe muli nazo-zoyenda panja ndi zomwe muli nazo, kuchuluka kwa zamagetsi zomwe mumayendetsa, kaya mukuyenda masana kapena kuyenda panyanja. Ine sindidzayesa ngati pali yankho limodzi lolondola.
Zinthu Zomwe Zikusokonezabe
Pali zambiri zomwe sindimamvetsetsa bwino za mabatire apanyanja, ndipo sindidzayesa mwanjira ina. Chemistry ya batri ndizovuta. Chifukwa chiyani mabatire ena amatha zaka 10 ndipo ena amafa mu 3 ngakhale atagwiritsa ntchito njira zofanana? Zosamveka bwino. Kodi pali mgwirizano weniweni pakati pa kutentha, mitengo yolipiritsa, ndi moyo wautali? Ndawona zotsutsana.
Ngati mutha kupita ku njira ya lithiamu, ndamva zinthu zabwinoMabatire a Ionic lithiamukuchokera kwa anthu ochepa pa marina. Sanawagwiritse ntchito panokha, koma akuwoneka kuti akulimbana ndi vuto la kulipiritsa nyengo yozizira kuposa njira zina za bajeti. Ndibwino kuyang'ana ngati mukugula zinthu.
