Kodi Float Voltage ndi chiyani?

Float voltage ndi mulingo wa voteji yomwe imayikidwa pa batire yoti yachangidwa bwino kuti isawononge mphamvu yake podziletsa yokha-kutuluka. Magetsi okonzawa amalepheretsa kuchucha komanso kuchulukirachulukira, kumapangitsa kuti batire ikhale yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo pamakina osungira magetsi, zida zadzidzidzi, ndi kukhazikitsanso mphamvu zowonjezera.

Mabatire sakhala ndi chambiri mpaka kalekale. Ngakhale atathimitsidwa pachitundu chilichonse, mabatire onse amatha{1}}kudziyimitsa okha-pang'ono ndi pang'ono mtengo wake umakhala wochepa chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi makemikolo. Lead-mabatire a asidi amatayika pafupifupi 3-5% ya mphamvu yake pamwezi ndi kutentha kwa chipinda, pamene ma khemistri ena a lithiamu amataya 1-3%.

Float charger imathetsa izi poyika mphamvu yamagetsi yosasunthika, yocheperako yomwe imabweretsanso zomwe batire imataya chifukwa-kungotulutsa. Chaja ndi batire zimagwira ntchito limodzi, pomwe chojambulira chimapereka mphamvu yamagetsi yokwanira kuti batire ikhale yokwanira popanda kukakamiza mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ingawononge ma cell.

Lingaliroli limakhala lofunikira pamapulogalamu oima. Magetsi osasunthika a malo opangira data amafunikira mabatire pa 100% mphamvu pomwe gululi ikulephera. Njira zounikira zadzidzidzi ziyenera kuyatsidwa nthawi yomweyo magetsi azimitsidwa. Zochitikazi zimafuna mabatire omwe amakhala kwa miyezi ingapo koma amakhalabe akugwira-momwemo ndi zomwe float voltage imabweretsa.

Float Voltage

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya batri imafunikira ma voltages osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi olakwika kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wa batri kapena kupanga zoopsa zachitetezo.

Mabatire a lead{{0}acid, kuphatikizapo osefukira, AGM, ndi ma gel, ali ndi-zambiri zama volat voltage range. Pa 25 digiri (77 digiri F), muyezo ndi pafupifupi 2.25 mpaka 2.30 volts pa selo. Kwa batire wamba 12V yokhala ndi ma cell asanu ndi limodzi, izi zimatanthawuza 13.5-13.8V.

Mabatire a asidi osefukira nthawi zambiri amayandama pa 13.4V (2.23V pa selo), kutsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi zomata kuti achepetse kutayika kwa madzi kuchokera ku mpweya wa electrolyte. Mabatire a AGM amagwira ntchito bwino pa 13.5-13.6V, pomwe mabatire a gel amakonda 13.1-13.3V chifukwa cha chidwi chawo pakuwonjezera voteji.

Mfundozi sizingochitika zokha. Pa float voltage, batire imavomereza mphamvu zochepa-nthawi zambiri zosakwana 1% ya mphamvu yake-yamaola. Batire la 100Ah limatha kujambula 0.5-1 amp yokhayokha ikamatchaja choyandama, yokwanira kuthana ndi kudziyimitsa popanda kukakamiza batire.

Kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yamagetsi yoyandama. Mphamvu ya electrochemical mu lead-mabatire a asidi amathamanga ndi kutentha komanso pang'onopang'ono ndi kuzizira. Ndalama zolipirira kutentha kwamakampani ndi pafupifupi -3.9mV pa digiri pa selo. Kwa batire ya 12V, ndizo pafupifupi -23mV pa digiri ya paketi yonse.

Taganizirani chitsanzo chothandiza: Batire ya 12V yomwe inasefukira ndi mphamvu ya 13.4V yoyandama pa digirii 25. Ngati kutentha kozungulira kukwera kufika pa 35 digiri (kuwonjezeka kwa madigiri 10), magetsi oyandama omwe amalipidwa amakhala 13.17V. Popanda kusintha kumeneku, mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu ingayambitse mpweya wochuluka komanso kutaya madzi. Mosiyana ndi izi, pa digiri ya 15, magetsi oyandama akuyenera kukwera mpaka 13.63V kuti apewe kutsika pansi pazikhalidwe zozizira.

Mabatire a lithiamu amapereka chithunzi chovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale mabatire a lead{{1}asidi anapangidwa moganizira za tchaji cha float, ma lithiamu chemistries-makamaka lithium-ion-amafunika kuganiziridwa mosamala asanagwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya float voltage.

Mabatire a LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) amatha kulolera kuyitanitsa koyandama akakonzedwa bwino. Mphamvu zoyandama zovomerezeka zimachokera ku 3.35 mpaka 3.45V pa selo (13.4-13.8V pa paketi ya 12V). Komabe, ngakhale maselo a LiFePO4 amakumana ndi kukalamba kofulumira akamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.

Ma cell a lithiamu-ion cell (NMC, NCA chemistries) amakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri. Maselowa nthawi zambiri amalipira 4.2V pa selo, koma kuwasunga pamagetsi awa mosalekeza kumayambitsa kupsinjika pamagetsi a electrode. The cathode amakumana structural kusintha, lithiamu plating kumachitika pa anode, ndipo mbali zochita imathandizira kuwonongeka electrolyte.

Apa ndi pameneLifiyamu ion batire chargerkupanga kumakhala kofunikira. Ma charger abwino a lithiamu ion sagwiritsa ntchito kuyitanitsa koyandama kowona. M'malo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "storage voltage"-charging mpaka 3.9-4.0V pa selo iliyonse ndiyeno nkumadula, kumangolumikizanso pamene mphamvu yamagetsi yatsika pansi poyambira. Izi zimalepheretsa kupsinjika kosalekeza kwa ma charging achikhalidwe oyandama.

Mabatire kasamalidwe ka batri (BMS) m'mabatire a lithiamu amawunika ma voltages a cell mosalekeza. Mukayesa kuyitanitsa zoyandama, BMS iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ma cell akuyenda bwino komanso kuwongolera kwamagetsi. Ngakhale 50-100mV pamagetsi ovomerezeka amatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Tanthauzo lake: ambiri opanga ma charger a lithiamu ion amalangiza mosalekeza za mabatire a lithiamu{0}}ya ion. M'malo mwake, amalimbikitsa "kuwonjezera{2}}m'mwamba" kapena kusunga nthawi ndi nthawi pa 80-90% yolipiritsa pamapulogalamu anthawi yayitali.

Float Voltage

Mphamvu ya Float ilibe padera-ndi gawo lomaliza la -kuchajitsa magawo atatu omwe ma charger amakono amagwiritsira ntchito lead-acid ndi ma lithiamu chemistries.

Gawo lazambiri limapereka pakali pano kuti libwezeretse mphamvu ya batri mwachangu. Batire ikatulutsidwa-tinene kuti kuchuluka kwa batire kuchepera 80%-ikhoza kuvomereza mitengo yokwera kwambiri. Chaja yokwanira bwino ipereka 15-25% ya mphamvu ya batri mu ma amps. Batire ya 100Ah ikhoza kulandira ma amps 15-25 panthawi yolipiritsa kwambiri.

Mphamvu yamagetsi imakwera pang'onopang'ono panthawi yolipiritsa kwambiri pamene mphamvu ya batire ikuwonjezeka. Pa batire ya 12V lead-acid, mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kukwera kuchoka pa 11.5V ikatsitsidwa kwambiri kufika pa 14.4V pofika kumapeto kwa gawo lalikulu. Chaja imasungabe mphamvu nthawi zonse pomwe mphamvu yamagetsi ikutsatira kuvomereza kwa batri.

Pafupifupi 80% ya mphamvu ya batri imabwezeretsedwa panthawi yolipiritsa kwambiri. Gawoli ndilothamanga kwambiri-batire yotulutsidwa kwambiri ya 100Ah ikhoza kutha kutha kutha maola 3-5 ndi charger ya 20-amp.

Pamene batire ikuyandikira kuchuluka kwa 80-90%, kuthekera kwake kuvomereza pano kumachepa. Chaja imasinthira kumayamwidwe, kukhala ndi mphamvu yosasinthasintha (nthawi zambiri 14.4-14.8V ya 12V lead-acid) pomwe yapano imazimitsa mwachilengedwe.

Pa kuyamwa, kuyitanitsa kwapano kumatha kutsika kuchokera pa 15 amps mpaka 5 amps, kenako mpaka 2 amps pamene batire ikuyandikira mphamvu yonse. Kapangidwe kakemidwe ka batire kumachepa pang'ono-mawebusayiti amachuluka, ndipo mphamvu ya mkati imakwera pang'ono.

Gawoli limatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa kuchuluka kwake ngakhale kubweza 10-20% yokha ya mphamvu. Batire la 100Ah lomweli litha kutha maola 3-4 munjira yoyamwa. Chaja nthawi zambiri imayang'anira zomwe zikuchitika, ndikudikirira kuti itsike pansi -mwinamwake C/50 (2 ma amps pa batire ya 100Ah) - isanasinthe kuti iyandama.

Kuyamwa kukamaliza, chojambulira chimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka pamlingo woyandama. Pachitsanzo chathu cha 12V lead-acid, magetsi amatsika kuchoka pa 14.4V kufika pa 13.5V. Zomwe zilipo nthawi yomweyo zimatsika pang'ono-nthawi zambiri zimachepera 1 am.

Batire tsopano "ikupumula" ndikulipiritsa kwathunthu. Kutsika kwa magetsi oyandama kumapangitsa kuti-kutchetcha kwambiri komwe kungapangitse kuti mabatire osefukira azitha kutuluka mpweya kapena kuchititsa kuti mabatire otsekedwa azithamanga kwambiri. Kucheperako kumangolowa m'malo mwa zomwe batire limataya kuti liziyimitsa yokha-.

Ma charger amakono-akhoza kukhalabe mumayendedwe oyandama mpaka kalekale. Batire yolumikizidwa ku charger yoyenera yoyandama imatha kukhala kwa miyezi kapena zaka, kukhala yokonzeka kutulutsa mphamvu yonse ikafunika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kulipiritsa koyandama kukhala koyenera kwa mabatire oyimilira mu makina a UPS, kuyatsa kwadzidzidzi, ndi ma alarm.

Malo opangira data amadalira kwambiri kayendetsedwe kabwino ka magetsi oyandama. Kuyika kwa UPS kwanthawi zonse kungaphatikizepo mabatire ambiri a 12V kuti apange ma 480V kapena ma voliyumu apamwamba a mabasi a DC. Mabatirewa amayandama mosalekeza, nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri pakati pa kutulutsa.

Machaja a mabatire a UPS nthawi zambiri amasunga mabatire molingana ndi wopanga-voltage yodziwika bwino{1}}nthawi zambiri 2.27V pa selo iliyonse ya mabatire a VRLA (mavavu{3}}oyendetsedwa ndi lead-acid). Masensa a kutentha amasintha mphamvuyi mosalekeza. Ma 480V UPS okhala ndi mabatire 20 twelve-volt pamndandanda amafuna kuwongolera bwino mphamvu yamagetsi pama cell onse 240.

Vutoli likukulirakulira ndi ukalamba wa batri. Mabatire akamakula, kuchuluka kwawo komwe amazitulutsa kumatha kuwonjezeka, zomwe zimafunika kuti magetsi aziyenda mosiyanasiyana. Makina a Advanced UPS amagwiritsa ntchito-zowunikira mphamvu yamagetsi kuti azindikire mabatire owonongeka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyandama-chizindikiro chopanga zazifupi kapena zouma-maselo.

Zoyikirapo{{0}grid zoyikira magetsi a solar zimakhala ndi zovuta zapadera pakuthawirako. Mabatire amatha masiku kapena masabata ali ndi mphamvu panthawi yadzuwa, kenako amatuluka nthawi ya mitambo.

Owongolera ma solar charger amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zoyandama. Masana, mabatire akafika pachimake, wowongolera amachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ayandame. Izi zimalepheretsa kuchulukirachulukira kwinaku kulola mapanelo kuti aziyendetsa katundu wapakhomo mwachindunji. Usiku, pamene mapanelo sapanga mphamvu, kulipiritsa koyandama kumayima, ndipo mabatire amayamba kutulutsa.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku mapulogalamu a UPS ndikuyendetsa njinga. Mabatire a solar amatha kuyandama kwa maola 8-12 tsiku lililonse, kutulutsa usiku wonse, kenako ndikuwonjezera tsiku lotsatira. Njira iyi imafunikira chiwongola dzanja champhamvu cha kutentha, chifukwa kutentha kwa batri kumatha kusuntha kwambiri usana ndi usiku.

Mabatire amagalimoto ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana siyana amatchaji. Injini ikathamanga, alternator imapanga magetsi ochulukirapo (14.2-14.4V). Ma alternators amakono, komabe, amaphatikiza zowongolera zanzeru zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu batire ikangotsala pang'ono kukwanira, zomwe zimapatsa kuyitanitsa koyandama poyendetsa.

Mabatire am'madzi am'madzi nthawi zambiri amalekanitsa mabatire anyumba (yamagetsi ndi zamagetsi) ndi mabatire oyambira. Mabatire a m'nyumba amatha kukhala pamtengo woyandama kuchokera kumagetsi am'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena mapanelo adzuwa pomwe bwato limakhala lokhazikika. Ma charger abwino kwambiri a m'madzi amapereka-charging chambiri ku banki, ndi zochunira zodziyimira pawokha zamagetsi a mabanki osiyanasiyana.

Kupeza voltage yoyandama kumanja kumafuna chidwi pazinthu zingapo kupitilira mafotokozedwe amagetsi oyambira.

Popanda malipiro a kutentha, mabatire amavutika. Batire yomwe ili m'chipinda cha zida za digirii 40 yomwe ikulandira 13.8V imakhala ndi kupsinjika kofanana ndi batire ya madigiri 25 imalandira 14.2V-onse pamwamba pa voteji yotetezedwa yoyendera kutentha kwenikweni.

Ma charger abwino a batri amaphatikizanso zowonera kutentha. Sensa ikhoza kukhala yamkati (ngati chojambulira chimagawana chotchinga ndi mabatire) kapena kutali (choyesa choyikidwa kapena pafupi ndi mabatire). Microcontroller ya charger imasintha mphamvu zotulutsa zokha kutengera kuwerengera kwa kutentha.

Kuwerengera kwamalipiro ndikosavuta: Kwa batire ya 12V lead-acid yokhala ndi ma cell 6 ndi zoyandama zoyambira 13.5V pa 25 degree, gwiritsani ntchito -3.9mV/℃× 6 cell=-23.4mV/℃. Ngati batire ili kutentha kwa madigiri 30, sinthani mphamvu yamagetsi ndi (30-25) × -0.0234V=-0.117V, kutulutsa 13.38V.

Float current ikuwonetsa thanzi la batri. Batire yathanzi mumayendedwe oyandama iyenera kujambula zosakwana 1% ya Ah mu ma amps. Kukwera kwambiri kwapano kukuwonetsa mavuto: akabudula amkati, zouma-ma cell m'mabatire osefukira, kapena sulfite chifukwa chochangitsa m'mbuyomu.

Makina apamwamba owunikira batire amatsata zomwe zikuchitika pakapita nthawi. Kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri kumatsogolera kulephera kwa batri pakapita miyezi, kumapereka chenjezo loti musinthe nthawi yokonza mawindo m'malo mokumana ndi kulephera modzidzimutsa.

Mavuto angapo nthawi zonse amavutitsa makina othamangitsira zoyandama. Kugwiritsa ntchito charger yopangira batire imodzi ndi ina ndikofala kwambiri. Batire ya gel pa charger yodzaza ndi madzi yomwe imalandira 13.8V m'malo mwa 13.2V yofunikira idzatentha kwambiri ndikulephera msanga.

Kulakwitsa kwina kawirikawiri ndikunyalanyaza kulipidwa kwa kutentha m'madera omwe ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Banki ya batri mu kabati yakunja ya telecom imatha kutentha kuchokera ku -10 digiri mpaka 50 digiri pachaka. Popanda chipukuta misozi, mabatire amakhala ochulukirachulukira m'chilimwe ndipo amathiridwa mocheperapo m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo.

Kusowa kusintha kuchokera ku kuyamwa kupita ku kuyandama kumabweretsanso mavuto. Ma charger ena otsika- sachepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi kuti ayambe kuyandama, m'malo mwake amanyamula mabatire kuti azitha kuyamwa mphamvu mpaka kalekale. Izi zimagwira ntchito kwa maola kapena masiku ngakhale zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kochulukirapo pakadutsa milungu ndi miyezi yolumikizana mosalekeza.

Float Voltage

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa nthawi zonse kuti kuyitanitsa koyandama koyenera kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa batri. Mabatire a lead{{1}acid omwe amasungidwa pamagetsi oyenerera oyandama ndi kuwongolera kutentha atha kukwanitsa zaka 8 mpaka 10 akugwira ntchito poyimirira, kuyerekeza ndi zaka 4-5 pamene mphamvu ya float siyendetsedwa bwino.

Makinawa ndiwowongoka: kuthira mochulukira kumapangitsa kuti ma gridi awonongeke mu lead-mabatire a asidi ndipo kumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke. Kuthira mocheperako kumapangitsa kuti makhiristo a sulfation-alead sulfate amale kukula ndi kulimba, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu mpaka kalekale. Mphamvu ya Float imafika pamalo abwino pomwe palibe chodabwitsa chomwe chimalamulira.

Kwa mabatire a lithiamu, kupindula kwa moyo wautali kumabwera chifukwa chopewa ma voltages nthawi zonse. Kusunga ma lithiamu-ion cell pa 4.2V motsutsana ndi 3.9V kungachepetse moyo wozungulira ndi 30-40%. Ma charger a batri a lithiamu ion amaphatikiza chidziwitsochi, mwina kupewa kuyitanitsa koyandama kwathunthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malire amagetsi otsika kwambiri.

Zosankha za opanga mabatire ziyenera kukhala patsogolo nthawi zonse. Ngakhale malangizo anthawi zonse amapereka poyambira, mabatire enieni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofunikira zapadera kutengera kapangidwe kawo ka mkati, zida za electrode, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kulipiritsa zoyandama si njira yokhayo yosungitsira mabatire, ngakhale kuti ndiyofala kwambiri pama pulogalamu osasunthika.

Trickle charger imagwira ntchito yocheperako nthawi zonse m'malo mopitilira mphamvu yamagetsi. Njira yakaleyi ilibe nzeru zochajitsa zoyandama ndipo imatha kuthira mabatire mochulukira ngati madzi akuchulukirachulukira-otulutsa omwe akutulutsa. Ma charger amakono-alowa m'malo mwa ma trickle charger pazifukwa zomveka.

Kuthamanga kwa pulse kumagwiritsa ntchito ma pulse apano m'malo mopitilira mphamvu. Opanga ena amati kuthamanga kwa pulse kumachepetsa kutsekemera kwa mabakiteriya a lead-acid, ngakhale umboni uli wosakanikirana. Kuthamanga kwa pulse sikofala kwambiri m'mapulogalamu ambiri.

Pamabatire a lithiamu, kulipiritsa kwa "storage mode" kwakondedwa. Chaja nthawi ndi nthawi imayang'ana mphamvu yamagetsi ndikupatsanso -chaji yokwera kwambiri ngati voteji yatsikira pang'onopang'ono, kenako imadula. Izi zimapewa kulumikizidwa kosalekeza kwa ma charger amtundu wa zoyandama pomwe mabatire amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Magetsi a Float akuyimira mbali yofunika kwambiri pakukonza mabatire amakono, makamaka pamagetsi oyimilira. Mabatire a lead{{1}acid okhala ndi-zodziwika bwino komanso otsika kwambiri-amadzimadzimadzimadzi{3}anapangidwa kuti azitchajitsa zoyandama. Magetsi ndi otsika mokwanira kuti ateteze kuwonongeka koma akukwera mokwanira kuti asunge chiwongolero chonse mpaka kalekale.

Mabatire a lithiamu amafunikira njira zochulukirapo. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma charger a lithiamu ion mumagetsi osunga zobwezeretsera kumafuna kumvetsetsa kuti kulipiritsa kwachikhalidwe koyandama sikungagwire ntchito. Mabatire ambiri a lifiyamu amagwira ntchito bwino akamawonjezera-kuchajisa nthawi zonse m'malo mongowonjezera magetsi.

Kutentha sikuyenera kuchulukitsidwa. Electrochemistry ya mabatire imayankha mwamphamvu pakatenthedwe, kupangitsa kuti chipukuta misozi chikhale chofunikira pamakina aliwonse onyamulira omwe ali ndi madera osiyanasiyana.

Kulipiritsa koyandama koyenera, kuphatikizidwa ndi ma charger abwino ndi kuyang'anira koyenera, kumasintha mabatire kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kukhala zinthu zodalirika-zinthawi yayitali. Kugulitsa pang'ono pazida zolipiritsa zabwino kumapereka phindu kudzera mu moyo wautali wa batri komanso mphamvu zosunga zodalirika zikafunika kwambiri.