Kodi Mabatire A Lithium Ion Ali Ndi Chiyani?

WolembaJake Morrison, Wolemba Hardware|Sarah Chen|Mike Patterson
Lofalitsidwa:Feb 8, 2025

Pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chingabwerenso masiku ano chimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ion. Foni yanu, mwachiwonekere. Laputopu. Zomverera zopanda zingwe zomwe mwina mwavala pompano. Ukadaulowu udayamba mu 1991 pomwe Sony idagulitsa ma cell a lithiamu ion oyamba pamakamera, ndipo yakhala ikudya m'gulu lililonse kuyambira pamenepo.

Anthu amafunsa kuti "mabatire a lithiamu ion ali ndi chiyani" akuyembekezera mndandanda wosavuta, koma yankho lenileni ndilakuti: pitani mukayang'ane nyumba yanu. Werengani zida zomwe zitha kuchangidwanso. Ndilo yankho lanu.

Mabatirewa amasunga mphamvu pomatsekereza ma ma ion a lithiamu m'mbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri-anode kupita ku cathode pamene akutulutsa, bwererani kumene mukamawalumikiza. Chemistry imamveka ngati yovuta koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zolunjika: mphamvu yochuluka mumpata wocheperapo kuposa momwe mabatire akale angagwiritsire ntchito.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Zifukwa zitatu. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumaposa china chilichonse. Selo ya lithiamu ion imanyamula maola 150-250 watt-maola pa kilogalamu. Fananizani ndi nickel-cadmium mwina 40-60 Wh/kg. Osati ngakhale pafupi.

Chachiwiri, palibe zotsatira za kukumbukira. Mukukumbukira mafoni akale opanda zingwe pomwe mumayenera kukhetsa batire kapena "ingayiwala" mphamvu yake yonse? Lithium ion sachita zimenezo. Limbani nthawi iliyonse. Chachitatu, amazitulutsa pang'onopang'ono-amayimitsa-amakhala pa shelefu, kutayika mwina 2-3% pamwezi poyerekeza ndi 20% ya mabatire a NiMH.

Mtengo unatsikanso. Kalelo m'zaka za m'ma 90 mabatire awa anali okwera mtengo kwambiri kotero kuti magetsi oyambira okha ndiwo ankawagwiritsa ntchito. Tsopano ndi zotsika mtengo zokwanira madola sitolo USB machaja. Chabwino, mtengozokwanira-akadali okwera mtengo kuposa ma alkaline, koma kukweranso kumabwezera mwachangu.

Mafoni am'manja amatsogolera paketi. iPhone 15 Pro ili ndi batri ya 3,274 mAh. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra imakula ku 5,000 mAh. Foni iliyonse kuyambira mamodelo olipidwa $50 kufika pa $1,500 yodziwika bwino imagwiritsa ntchito lithium ion{12}kawirikawiri lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) chemistry chifukwa imapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito mothina kwambiri.

Malaputopu amakhala ndi mabatire akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri 50-80 Wh pa ma ultrabook, mpaka 100 Wh pa malo ogwirira ntchito. Kwenikweni, 100 Wh ndiye malire ovomerezeka onyamula mabatire pandege popanda chilolezo chapadera, ndichifukwa chake opanga ma laputopu amalunjika nambala imeneyo. FAA idakhazikitsa lamuloli pambuyo poyaka moto wa batri la lithiamu pandege m'zaka za m'ma 2000.

Matabuleti amagwera pakati pa-iPad Pro ili ndi pafupifupi 40 Wh. Kindle Paperwhite? Batire laling'ono la 6 Wh lomwe limatha milungu chifukwa e-inki imawonetsa mphamvu ya sip.

Ndiye pali zinthu zina zonse. Makoswe opanda zingwe ndi makiyibodi (kawirikawiri AAA-maselo a lithiamu ion akukula). Zolankhula za Bluetooth-JBL, Ultimate Ears, Bose, ma lithiamu ion onse. Owongolera masewera. Mawotchi anzeru. Fitness trackers. Makamera achitetezo opanda zingwe. Mabelu apakhomo avidiyo. Zamagetsi zamagetsi. Gulu la Oral-B iO limagwiritsa ntchito batri ya lithiamu yabwino kwa milungu iwiri pakati pa kulipiritsa.

AirPods Pro ili ndi 1.98 Wh ya mphamvu ya batri yophatikizidwa pakati pa makutu ndi chikwama. Zomwe sizikumveka ngati zambiri mpaka mutazindikira kuti akuwongolera kuletsa kwaphokoso, kukonza zomvera zapamalo, ndi kulumikizana opanda zingwe kwa maola ambiri.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Magalimoto amagetsi anasintha sikelo kwathunthu. Tesla Model 3 Long Range ili ndi batire ya 75 kWh-ndiyo mawatt 75,000-maola, kapena pafupifupi 1,500 mabatire amtundu wa smartphone amtengo wapatali. Batire yokhayo imalemera pafupifupi mapaundi 1,000.

Ma EV ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) kapena lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) m'malo mwa cobalt-maselo olemera amafoni. NMC imapereka kachulukidwe kabwino ka mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta abwinoko. LFP ndiyotetezeka ndipo imatenga nthawi yayitali-BYD ndi Tesla onse amagwiritsa ntchito LFP pamamodel omwe ali nawo pano. Kugulitsa{{5}kuchepetsa mphamvu kumakhala kocheperako, kotero mumafunika ma cell ochulukirapo ofanana.

Ford F-150 Lightning ili ndi 131 kWh kupezeka. Rivian R1T imapita ku 135 kWh mu kasinthidwe ka Max Pack. Lucid Air Dream Range imatenga 112 kWh ndipo imapeza ma 500 mailosi a EPA chifukwa ma motors awo ndi zamagetsi ndizopenga.

Njinga zamagetsi zikuchuluka. Ma Rad Power Bikes nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapaketi a 48V 14Ah (672 Wh). Mabatire apamwamba-okwera- ochokera ku Specialized or Trek run 500-700 Wh mabatire. E{10}ma scooter ndi ang'onoang'ono-Xiaomi M365 amagwiritsa ntchito 280 Wh, Bird ndi Lime zobwereketsa ma scooters amafanana.

Njinga zamoto zamagetsi zikadali zachilendo koma zikukula. Zero Motorcycles SR/F ili ndi batire ya 14.4 kWh. Energica Ego+ imakankhira 21.5 kWh. Sikokwanira kwa maulendo ataliatali apamsewu, koma kukafika kumeneko.

Mabwato nawonso akubwera. X Shore Elex 8000 boti lamagetsi limakhala ndi batire ya 125 kWh. Boti la Candela C-8 hydrofoil limagwiritsa ntchito 44 kWh ndi "ntchentche" pamwamba pamadzi kuti lichepetse kukoka. Arc Sport electric wakeboard boat inali pa $300,000 nthawi yatha yomwe ndidayang'ana.

Kusintha kumeneku kunachitika mofulumira. Zaka 20 zapitazo, makampani akuluakulu adaseka zida zopanda zingwe. Lero? Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Bosch-onse apita ku lithiamu.

Dongosolo la DeWalt's FlexVolt limayendetsa 20V kapena 60V kutengera chida. Pulatifomu ya Milwaukee ya M18 ili ndi zida zopitilira 200 zomwe zimagawana batire lomwelo. Mabatire awo a High Output agunda mphamvu ya 12 Ah-yokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito macheka ozungulira podulira madulidwe ambiri.

Zida zamagetsi zakunja zidatsata. Ego Power Plus imapanga chotchera udzu wa batri pogwiritsa ntchito paketi ya 56V 7.5 Ah (420 Wh). Zida zawo zodulira zingwe, zowombeza masamba, ngakhale zowuzira chipale chofewa zimayendetsa batire lomwelo. Ryobi ali ndi dongosolo la 40V. Greenworks imapereka zosankha za 60V ndi 80V pazida zazikulu.

Makina otchetcha maloboti ndi makina otchetcha udzu amayendetsa mabatire ang'onoang'ono chifukwa amangopanganso. Roomba j7+ ili ndi pafupifupi 60 Wh. Husqvarna Automower imagwiritsa ntchito 18V lithiamu ion, mphamvu imasiyanasiyana ndi chitsanzo.

Zida zamaluso zimapitilira kukula. Milwaukee imapanga batri yachikwama yopereka 300 Wh yogwiritsira ntchito zida zingapo pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Stihl imapereka ma chainsaws a batri amphamvu mokwanira pantchito yamitengo yamalonda.

Ma concentrators onyamula okosijeni ndi ofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma. Inogen One G5 imagwiritsa ntchito batri ya lithiamu ion yopereka maola 3-6 ogwiritsira ntchito malingana ndi machitidwe othamanga. Phillips Respironics Simply Go Mini ikufuna pafupifupi maola 4.5.

Makina a CPAP oletsa kugona tulo amawonjezera mwayi wa batri. ResMed AirMini kuyenda CPAP imatha kuthamangitsa mabatire a lithiamu akunja. Zothandiza pakumanga msasa kapena kuzimitsa magetsi.

Zothandizira kumva zasinthidwa kukhala lithiamu yowonjezeredwa posachedwapa. Phonak Audeo Paradise imalipira usiku wonse ndipo imatha maola 16+. Starkey Evolv AI magwiridwe antchito ofanana. Zabwino kwambiri kuposa kungofufuza ma cell a zinki ang'onoang'ono-pamasiku angapo aliwonse.

Zida zounikira zachipatala-zounikira kuthamanga kwa magazi, zounikira glukosi, zida zonyamulika za ECG{1}}zambiri zomwe zimachangidwanso. AliveCor KardiaMobile imalemba ma ECG pafoni, imayenda pa cell yaing'ono ya lithiamu miyezi ingapo.

Pampu zothira, zida zopangira opaleshoni, zida zowunikira matenda zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala-mabatire ambiri osunga ma lithiamu ion kapena mphamvu zonyamulika. Zida zamagetsi za Stryker System 8 zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ion, osabala osindikizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni.

Zida zoyikapo ndi gulu losiyana. Ma pacemaker ena atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ion omwe amachajitsidwa kudzera pakhungu (kudzera pakhungu) pogwiritsa ntchito induction. Medtronic ili ndi mitundu yomwe batire imadzadzidwanso popanda zingwe kamodzi pa sabata m'malo mofunikira kusinthidwa maopaleshoni zaka 7-10 zilizonse.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Tesla Powerwall 2 imasunga 13.5 kWh, imawononga pafupifupi $ 11,000 yoyikidwa. Powerwall 3 idatuluka posachedwa ndikuphatikiza bwino. Generac PWRcell imapereka makina a 9-18 kWh modular. LG Chem RESU imachokera ku 10-16 kWh kutengera kasinthidwe.

Mabatire akunyumbawa amaphatikizana ndi mapanelo adzuwa-amasunga mphamvu zochulukirapo masana, gwiritsani ntchito usiku. Komanso perekani zosunga zobwezeretsera pakayimitsidwa ngati zakonzedwa bwino. Si machitidwe onse omwe amagwira ntchito panthawi yamagetsi; zimatengera kukhazikitsidwa kwa inverter.

California imalamula dzuwa panyumba zatsopano, kotero kutengera batire kukukulirakulira kumeneko. Hawaii ili ndi ndalama zambiri zamagetsi komanso dzuwa lochulukirapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma cha solar + chosungirako chigwire ntchito bwino. Texas idalephera ku gridi mu 2021 zomwe zidapangitsa chidwi ndi mabatire akunyumba.

Kuyika kwamalonda kumakulirakulira. Golosale ikhoza kukhazikitsa mabatire okwana 50-100 kWh kuti athe kuwongolera mtengo wake. Malo opangira data amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda za batri zokhala ndi megawati ngati mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera, kusintha kapena kuwonjezera majenereta a dizilo.

Utility scale ndi wamtchire. The Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility ku California ili ndi mphamvu yokwana 3,000 MWh-ndiyo makilowati 3 miliyoni-maola, kapena okwanira kuyendetsa nyumba pafupifupi 225,000 kwa maola angapo. Imagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi a Tesla Megapack, iliyonse ndi bokosi lotumizira{9}}batire la 3 MWh kukula kwake.

Hornsdale Power Reserve yaku Australia inali imodzi mwa mabatire akuluakulu a gridi, omangidwa ndi Tesla mu 2017 pa 150 MWh. Yakulitsidwa kuyambira pamenepo. Machitidwewa amakhazikika mafupipafupi a gridi, kusunga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa zomera zomwe zimapanga mpweya wachilengedwe.

Makina a UPS (unterruptible power supply) amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lead{{0}acid. Zolemera, zofunikira kusinthidwa zaka 3-5 zilizonse, zimakhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni. Makina a Lithium ion UPS ochokera ku APC, Eaton, Vertiv amakhala nthawi yayitali, amatenga malo ochepa, amalemera pang'ono. Malo osungira data makamaka ngati kuchepetsa kulemera kumeneku kumatanthauza kuchepa kwa kamangidwe kanyumba.

Ma Drones ndi quadcopters{{0}DJI ndi omwe amalamulira msikawu. Ma drones awo amayendetsa mabatire a lithium polymer (LiPo), omwe mwaukadaulo ndi mtundu wa lithiamu ion wokhala ndi polymer electrolyte. DJI Mini 3 Pro imagwiritsa ntchito batire ya 2453 mAh pafupifupi mphindi 34 zakuuluka. Ma drones akulu ngati Inspire 2 amanyamula mabatire apawiri okwana 98 Wh.

Ma drone akatswiri pakuwunika, kuyang'anira, kutumiza{0}}zonse zimakhala ndi mabatire a lithiamu. Ma drones operekera zachipatala ku Zipline ku Africa amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu ion. Ma drone operekera ku Amazon amawagwiritsa ntchito.

Ntchito zazamlengalenga zikukulirakulira. Ndege zamagetsi zikubwera. Pipistrel Velis Electro ili ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ndege yoyamba yamagetsi yamagetsi yotsimikizika yophunzitsidwa kuyendetsa ndege ku Europe. Beta Technologies ndi Joby Aviation akupanga ma taxi amagetsi amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi mapaketi akulu akulu a lithiamu.

Ma satellites ndi ma spacecraft amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire apadera a lithiamu ion omangidwa kuti apulumuke, ma radiation, kutentha kwambiri. International Space Station ili ndi mabatire a lithiamu ion olowa m'malo mwa nickel wakale-ma cell a haidrojeni. Batire lililonse limalemera mapaundi 400+.

Zida zankhondo-magalasi owonera usiku, mawayilesi anzeru, mayunitsi a GPS, zonse zomwe zili ndi mabatire a lithiamu tsopano. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumafunika ngati asitikali anyamula zida kwa masiku. Wailesi ya AN/PRC-163 imagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ion omwe amatha kubweranso.

Makamera ndi zida za zithunzi-makamera opanda magalasi ochokera ku Sony, Canon, Nikon all lithium ion. Sony A7 IV imagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a NP-FZ100 pa 16.4 Wh lililonse. Kuunikira kwaukadaulo-Aputure 300d LED magetsi amayendera V-mabatire a lithium (98 Wh saizi yokhazikika). Maikolofoni opanda zingwe, zowunikira makanema, chilichonse chonyamula mufilimu/chithunzi.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Zatsopano za batri{{0}zoyendera magetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi Bluetooth kapena Wi-malumikizidwe a Fi. Mutha kuyang'ana momwe batire ilili pafoni yanu. Zida zamagetsi za Ego zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama mu pulogalamu. Zida za Ryobi nazonso. Tesla imakupatsani mwayi wowunika batire lagalimoto yanu ndikulipiritsa patali.

Machitidwe a Smart Battery Management (BMS) amagwira ntchito zambiri. Amasanjikiza mphamvu ya ma cell -mumapaketi angapo-ma cell, ma cell amodzi amasuntha pakapita nthawi, BMS imawatulutsa. Amayang'anira kutentha, kuteteza kuchulukitsitsa ndi kutulutsa mopitirira muyeso, amalankhulana ndi chipangizocho.

Zina zolumikizidwa zimamveka ngati zabwino, koma kuyang'anira kutali kwa zida zodula ndikomveka. Ogwira ntchito yomanga amatha kutsata mabatire omwe akufunika kulipiritsa. Eni ake osungira mphamvu kunyumba amatha kuyang'anira kupanga kwa dzuwa ndi momwe mabatire alili paulendo.

Zokhudza chitetezo zilipo. Firmware ya batri imafunikira zosintha nthawi zina. Ngati njira yolankhuliranayo sinatetezedwe bwino, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo chikhoza kuchitika. Osati anthu ambiri kuthyolako mabatire, koma m'lingaliro zotheka.

Anthu amakumana ndi mabatire a lithiamu nthawi zonse osaganizira. Msuwachi wamagetsi m'bafa. Chotsukira opanda zingwe (Dyson V15 ili ndi 70 Wh). Tochi yowonjezedwanso. Power bank mchikwama chanu-Anker amapangira mamodel kuchokera 10,000 mAh (37 Wh) mpaka 25,000 mAh (90 Wh).

Zoseweretsa za ana zikuchulukirachulukira. Magalimoto akutali, zopepuka-zidole, zida zophunzirira zamagetsi. Amamenya kugula mabatire a alkaline nthawi zonse.

Zipangizo zanzeru zakunyumba-Belu la vidiyo yolira pachitseko lili ndi batri yochotseka ya lithiamu. Makamera achitetezo a Arlo amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwanso miyezi yayitali. Google Nest thermostats ili ndi mabatire a lithiamu osunga. Ogasiti anzeru maloko amathamanga pa lithiamu AAs.

Nyali zapatchuthi ziyambanso kuwonjezeredwa. Magetsi okhala ndi{1}}mabatire omangidwa ndi ma solar. Makandulo a LED owonjezeranso. Zinthu zokongoletsera.

Milandu yogwiritsa ntchito akatswiri imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ogwira ntchito yomanga amasinthanitsa mabatire a Milwaukee kapena DeWalt tsiku lonse. Ma forklift a m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu amatcha mabatire a lifiyamu ion panthawi yopuma-Mphindi 15 ali ndi mwayi wotchaja kugunda kwanthawi yodikirira kuti mabatire a lead-acid azitchaja.

Kutengera zida zaulimi pang'onopang'ono koma zikuchitika. John Deere akuyesa mathirakitala amagetsi. Autonomous ulimi maloboti nthawi zambiri magetsi. Njira zothirira zokhala ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera za batri.

Makampani oyeretsa adalandira lithiamu. Zokolopa pansi, zokokera makapeti, zochapira mafuta-makampani monga Tennant ndi Karcher amapereka njira za lithiamu. Kuthamanga mwachangu, kulemera kopepuka, kusakonza kuthirira kwa batri monga momwe ma asidi a lead kale amafunikira{3}}.

Mabatire amawonongeka. Chemistry sikhala mpaka kalekale. Batire yodziwika bwino ya lithiamu ion imakhalabe ndi 80% mphamvu pambuyo pa 500-1000 yozungulira, kutengera chemistry ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Tesla amatsimikizira mabatire awo a EV kuti asungidwe 70% pazaka 8/100,000-150,000 mailosi kutengera mtundu.

Kutentha kumapha mabatire mwachangu kuposa chilichonse. Kutentha koyipa kwambiri-kusunga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire opitilira madigiri 30 ({3}} digiri F) kumawonjezera kunyozeka. Kuzizira kumachepetsa mphamvu kwakanthawi koma sikuwononga nthawi zonse monga kutentha kumachitira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mabatire a Phoenix EV amawonongeka mwachangu kuposa mabatire a Seattle.

Kukalamba kwa kalendala nakonso. Mabatire amawononga ngakhale kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sungani pamtengo wa 40-50% m'malo ozizira kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kusunga batire pamalipiro a 100% ndi digiri ya 40 kwa nthawi yayitali ndizovuta kwambiri.

Zochitika zachitetezo sizichitika kawirikawiri koma zimakhala nkhani zikachitika. Zowonongeka pakupanga zidayambitsa moto wa Samsung Galaxy Note 7 mu 2016 - adakumbukira mafoni 2.5 miliyoni. Ma Hoverboards adawotcha moto nthawi zambiri mu 2015-2016 moti ndege zidawaletsa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachokera kuzinthu zowongolera khalidwe, kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kapena kulipiritsa ndi ma charger olakwika.

Thermal runway-selo likatentha kwambiri ndipo kutentha kumayambitsa zina zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri-ndikulephera kwenikweni. Mabatire opangidwa bwino ali ndi zinthu zingapo zachitetezo: mabwalo ochepera apano, ma fuse otenthetsera, mpweya wopumira, magawo otsekera olekanitsa. Mabatire otsika mtengo amadumpha chitetezo ichi.

Kugwirizana kumakhumudwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito. Chida chilichonse chimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a batri. Mabatire a DeWalt sakukwanira zida za Milwaukee. Ryobi wakhala anzeru kusunga nsanja yawo ya One+ kwa zaka zambiri-zida zochokera m'chaka cha 2005 zimagwira ntchito ndi mabatire kuyambira 2025. Koma opanga ambiri amafuna kuti malondawo atseke-mkati.

Zokonzanso zobwezeretsanso zikukulabe. Li-Cycle, Redwood Materials, ndi ena akumanga malo oyeretsera mabatire a lithiamu. Atha kuchira 95%+ ya zida za batri. Koma zosonkhanitsira zimakhalabe zovuta-anthu amaponya mabatire mu zinyalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zotayira.

BMS ndiyofunikira koma yosaoneka. Mu laputopu, imayang'anira gulu lililonse la cell, kuyerekezera nthawi yotsalira, imawongolera kuchuluka kwacharge, imafotokoza thanzi la batri ku makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Zowonjezereka kuposa momwe zimamvekera.

Kuyerekeza kwa-kwa{1}}kulipira ndikovuta modabwitsa. Mphamvu ya batri imalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa charger, koma ubale umasiyana ndi kutentha, katundu, zaka za batri. BMS yabwino imagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu ovuta kutsimikizira zonsezi. Ndi chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa batire la foni nthawi zina kulumpha kapena kutsika mosayembekezereka-chiwerengerocho chimasinthidwanso.

Kusanja bwino ma cell kumakhudza-mapaketi angapo. Maselo amodzi amakhala ndi kusiyana pang'ono kwa mphamvu. Pakulipira, BMS imatha kuthamangitsa ma cell mozungulira kuti ofooka agwire. Kusanja pang'ono kumataya mphamvu ngati kutentha. Kusamutsa kwachangu kumasamutsa mphamvu pakati pa maselo, ogwira ntchito koma okwera mtengo.

Kuwongolera kutentha-BMS imayang'anira kutentha kwa ma cell ndipo imatha kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi kapena kutulutsa ngati zinthu zatentha kwambiri. Ma EV ali ndi kasamalidwe kabwino ka kutentha ndi kuzizira kwamadzimadzi. Zida zamagetsi zimangodalira kudulidwa kwamafuta.

Njira zolumikizirana-Matchipisi a BMS amalankhula ndi zida zogwirizira pogwiritsa ntchito I2C, SMBus, CAN mabasi kapena ma protocol aumwini. Izi zimalola zida kuwonetsa zambiri za batri yolondola ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.

Ntchito zamafakitale zimaphatikizira kuwunika kwa batri m'makina ambiri. Malo osungiramo katundu amatha kuyang'anira mabatire onse a forklift chapakati, kukonza ma charger ndi kuyika mabatire omwe akufunika kusinthidwa. Kukonza zolosera kutengera data ya BMS.

Mabatire olimba-ndiopatulika. M'malo mwa electrolyte yamadzimadzi ndi zinthu zolimba za ceramic kapena polima. Ndi zotetezeka kwambiri-palibe zamadzimadzi zomwe zitha kuyaka. Kuchulukira kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kotheka. Toyota akuti adzakhala ndi -mabatire olimba m'magalimoto pofika 2027-2028. QuantumScape, Solid Power, ena omwe akupanga ukadaulo. Koma kupanga pamlingo sikunathetsedwe.

Mabatire a sodium-ayoni ogwiritsira ntchito mchere m'malo mwa lithiamu{1}}zopangira zotsika mtengo, zomwe zingakhale zotsika mtengo. CATL inalengeza mabatire a ayoni a sodium-m'chaka cha 2021. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumachepera kuposa lithiamu ion, koma ndizovomerezeka kuti zisungidwe. Northvolt kumanga sodium-ion kupanga ku Ulaya.

Lithium-sulfure amatipatsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa mphamvu-zofikira 500 Wh/kg poyerekeza ndi 250 Wh/kg pa lithiamu ion yamakono. Koma moyo wozungulira wakhala woyipa, nthawi zambiri umanyozeka pambuyo pa 50-100 mizungu. Kafukufuku akupitilira.

Mabatire a Lithium-mpweya (lithium{1}}oxygen) ali ndi malire apamwamba kwambiri{2}}akhoza kukhala 1,000 Wh/kg. Koma akadali ma laboratory curiosities omwe ali ndi zovuta zazikulu zothandiza.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Kwa zaka 5-10 zikubwerazi, ma lithiamu ion wamba azidzalamulira. Kuwongolera kowonjezereka kumapangitsa kuti zida za cathode zizikhala bwino, ma silicon anode m'malo mwa graphite (kukulitsa mphamvu 20-40%), kukonza njira zopangira kuchepetsa ndalama.

Mitengo ya mabatire yatsika pafupifupi 90% kuchokera mu 2010 mpaka 2023, kuchokera pafupifupi $1,100/kWh kufika $130/kWh ya mabatire a EV. Chikhalidwe chimenecho chikupitirirabe, mwinamwake kugunda $ 80-100 / kWh pofika 2030. Pamitengo imeneyo, ma EV amafika pamtengo wofanana ndi magalimoto a gasi popanda thandizo.

Kuchepetsa kwa Cobalt ndikofunikira kwambiri. Migodi ya Cobalt ili ndi nkhawa zaufulu wa anthu komanso ngozi zapagulu. Mabatire amakono a NMC amagwiritsa ntchito cobalt yocheperako kuposa ma formula akale (NMC 811 ili ndi 80% nickel, 10% manganese, 10% cobalt motsutsana ndi kale 1:1:1 ma ratios). Mabatire a LFP alibe cobalt konse.

Silicon anode akugulitsidwa tsopano. Sila Nanotechnologies imapereka zinthu za silicon anode kwa opanga angapo. Panasonic adalengeza mabatire a silicon anode kuti apange. Tesla akugwiritsa ntchito silicon m'maselo awo kale. Izi zimakulitsa mphamvu 10-20% popanda kusintha china chilichonse chokhudza batri.

Funso lakuti "mabatire a lithiamu ion" ali ndi yankho lalitali bwanji zaka zisanu. Mitundu yambiri yazinthu zamagetsi. Ntchito zambiri pomwe lithiamu ion imachotsa matekinoloje akale. Tekinolojeyi idakula mwachangu koma ikupitabe bwino.

Kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zida ziti zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu ndizofunikira kwambiri tikamaunjikira ambiri. Mabanja ambiri tsopano ali ndi zida zowonjezeretsa 20-50. Kudziwa zomwe muli nazo, momwe mungazisungire, ndi nthawi yoti mulowe m'malo mwake kumapangitsa kuti ndalamazo zizikhala nthawi yayitali ndikuchita bwino.