Laser Sight Integration kwa Mapulogalamu Amakono

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ma laser ndi amfuti, koma ukadaulo wafalikira kupitilira msika woyamba uja. Takhala tikugwira ntchito ndi makina opangira laser kuyambira 2019, ndipo mapulogalamuwa akukulirakulirabe m'mafakitale, azachipatala, ndi maloboti komwe kumafunikira kuloza.

Mfundo yofunikira sinasinthe kwambiri - mukupanga chipika chowoneka kapena cha IR chomwe chimawonetsa pomwe china chake chidzagunda kapena pomwe chida chidzagwira ntchito. Koma kuphako kumakhala kovuta kwambiri mukamayika zosankha, mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi chilengedwe.

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Mawonekedwe a Laser Kugwira Ntchito mu Zosintha Zamakampani

Crimson Trace idatulutsa mndandanda wawo wa Rail Master mu 2018, ndipo mayunitsiwo amatha kuthana ndi 1000G yakugwedezeka. Izi zidakhala chizindikiro pakukweza mafakitale chifukwa ngati zitapulumuka mfuti, zitha kuthana ndi malo ambiri ogwedezeka popanga. Mtundu wa RM-110 udagula pafupifupi $280 (mitengo ya crimsontrace.com kuyambira 2020), yomwe inali yotsetsereka koma idakupatsirani laser yofiyira ya 5mW yomwe idakhalabe zero pambuyo pakukhudzidwa mobwerezabwereza.

Pantchito yamzere, tidayesa mndandanda wa Streamlight's TLR pambali pa zosankha zotsika mtengo kuchokera kwa opanga kunja. Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kunapha - mayunitsi omwe amawononga ndalama zosakwana $50 kuti asinthe cholinga chawo ndi mainchesi 3-4 pamtunda wa mapazi 20 akachoka pa 60 digiri F kufika pa 95 digiri F pa malo ogulitsira. Magawo a Streamlight (pafupifupi $180-220 kutengera mtundu) anali ndi ziro mkati mwa mainchesi 0.5 kudutsa mzerewo malinga ndi kuyesa kwathu kwa benchi m'chilimwe cha 2021.

Sikuti nthawi zonse mumafunika kukhazikika koteroko. Zimatengera zomwe mukuchita.

Kupanga Zida Zamankhwala Kumafunikira Zosiyanasiyana

Izi zimakhala zodabwitsa chifukwa kukonza zida zachipatala nthawi zambiri kumafuna ma laser a Class 2 (pansi pa 1mW potulutsa malamulo a FDA - accessdata.fda.gov ili ndi magulu onse) koma imafunikira malo olondola ochepera 0.1mm pamtunda wogwirira ntchito wa 300-500mm. Coherent Inc. imapanga ma module a laser omwe amagunda ma specs - mndandanda wawo wa CUBE umapita pafupifupi $ 400-600 pa unit malinga ndi kutalika kwa kutalika ndi kutulutsa mphamvu.

Tidaphatikizira ma laser ofiira a 635nm mu makina a catheter chaka chatha. Kutalika kwa mafunde kumafunika kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira - 635nm ikuwoneka bwino kuposa 650nm pansi pa kuwala kwa fulorosenti, chinachake chonga 4x chowonekera kwambiri malinga ndi zolemba za Laserex. Kusiyana kwamitengo mwina ndi 15-20% koma kuli koyenera pamene ogwiritsira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira kwa maola 8.

Ma laser obiriwira (nthawi zambiri 532nm) amawonekera kwambiri ndi maso a anthu, pafupifupi 5x kuposa ofiira pamagetsi omwewo. Koma amawononga ndalama zambiri ndipo amadya mabatire mofulumira. Tidayeza kujambula kwaposachedwa pa module yobiriwira ya 5mW pa 180mA motsutsana ndi 120mA pazotulutsa zofiira zofanana. Kwa zida zam'manja zomwe zimafunikira. Pazikhazikiko zokhazikika ndi mphamvu ya khoma, gwiritsani ntchito zobiriwira ngati bajeti ikuloleza.

Mapulogalamu a Robotic Akukula Mwachangu

ABB Robotic idayamba kuphatikiza zolozera za laser mu mndandanda wawo wa IRB chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017 pophunzitsa ma pendant ntchito. Zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa akatswiri kuti aziwona njira zamaloboti popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zikuchitika. Ma module a laser omwe anagwiritsa ntchito sanali abwino kwambiri - opakidwanso mayunitsi amalonda okhala ndi zida zowoneka bwino komanso nyumba zovotera IP67.

Fanuc anatenga njira yosiyana ndi maloboti awo ogwirizana a CRX, kuyika laser emitter mu flange ya chida ndikuigwiritsa ntchito powonera madera otetezeka. Dongosolo lawo limapanga malo apakati a 10-15mm omwe amayenda ndi chomaliza. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumayenda pafupifupi 2W mosalekeza, zomwe zimachokera ku bajeti yamagetsi yamagetsi. Muyenera kuwerengera izi pofotokoza ma grippers kapena zomaliza zina.

Ma Robots a Universal samaphatikizapo zowoneka ndi laser monga momwe zimakhalira, koma UR+ ecosystem yawo ili ndi njira zingapo-zamagulu ena. Kamera ya Robotiq Wrist nthawi zina imalumikizidwa ndi laser coaxial kuti iyese mozama, ngakhale izi zikulowa m'malo opepuka okhazikika m'malo mongolunjika.

Miyezo ya laser yomanga ndi gulu losiyana koma loyenera kutchulidwa. Bosch's GLL series ndi Dewalt's DW088 onse amagwiritsa ntchito ma laser a class 2 ndi mizere ya polojekiti m'malo mwa madontho. DW088 imayenda mozungulira $150 ndikuponya mizere yolondola mpaka ± 1/8 inchi pa 30 mapazi (dewalt.com spec sheet). Zinthu izi zatsika mtengo kotero kuti zikuwonekera m'malo ogulitsira ang'onoang'ono kuti agwire ntchito yokonza.

Mphamvu ndi Kukhazikika Zoganizira Zomwe Zili Zofunika Kwambiri

Kuwerengera moyo wa batri kumakhala kosokoneza chifukwa mphamvu ya laser diode imasiyanasiyana ndi kutentha. Laser diode yofiyira ingakhale yothandiza pa 15-20%, kutanthauza kuti 80-85% ya mphamvu yolowetsamo imakhala kutentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukhazikitsa kosalekeza kumafunikira kutentha ngakhale ma module amphamvu otsika.

Tidayeza gawo la 5mW lalaza yofiyira yomwe imakoka 90mA pa 3.3V - zomwe ndi pafupifupi 300mW kulowetsa kwa 5mW, motero pafupifupi 17%. Kuthamangitsa batire ya CR123A (kuchuluka kwa 1500mAh pa 3V) kumakupatsani nthawi yowerengera ya maola 16-17, koma mudzawona ngati maola 12-14 mukuchita chifukwa voteji ya batri imatsika.

Kudzikweza komweko kumayambitsa theka la zovuta zomwe timawona pakuyika m'munda. Mabowo okhala ndi M3 ndi okhazikika koma kuya kwa ulusi kumasiyana pakati pa opanga. Ma module ena aku China amatchula ulusi wa M3x0.5 pa 4mm kuya, ena amapita 6mm kuya. Zikumveka ngati zazing'ono koma pamene mukuyesera kupyola mu mbale ya aluminiyamu ya 3mm yokhala ndi ulusi woyenera, kusiyana kwa 2mm kumatsimikizira ngati mungagwiritse ntchito bawuti wamba kapena mungafunike zida zamakompyuta.

Surefire amagwiritsa ntchito proprietary rail grabber system pamagetsi awo a zida za X400 zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito bwino pakuyika mafakitale ku T-slot aluminium extrusion. Mphamvu ya clamping imatha kusintha ndipo sidalira torque ya ulusi, yomwe imathandiza kuti ziro zisamakhale zomveka bwino-pamalo ogwedera. Mayunitsi amawononga pafupifupi $ 600 koma amakhala kosatha. Takhala tikuthamanga kuyambira 2018 ndikukonza zero kupitilira kusinthana kwa batri.

Pamene Chowoneka Chofiira Sichikukwanira

Ma lasers a IR (nthawi zambiri 850nm kapena 940nm wavelengths) amawonekera pamasensa a kamera koma osati m'maso amunthu. Ndizothandiza pamakina owonera pomwe simukufuna kuwala kowoneka kusokoneza mizere yowonera. Edmund Optics amagulitsa ma module a 850nm pafupifupi $200-300 omwe amalumikizana ndi makamera okhazikika amakampani. Makamera a Basler ace series ali ndi mphamvu zomveka bwino pamtunduwu - mtundu wawo wa acA1920-40gm umawonetsa 50% quantum performance pa 850nm pa datasheet (baslerweb.com).

940nm imakhala yosawoneka kwambiri koma chidwi cha kamera chimatsika. Masensa ambiri a silicon amakhala ndi 30% QE pa 940nm motsutsana ndi 50% pa 850nm, kotero mukusiya chizindikiro kuti mubisale bwino. Ndikoyenera kokha ngati-kuwala kowoneka kwa munthu kulidi vuto.

Zida zolumikizira ma laser pamakina owoneka bwino nthawi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito IR chifukwa zimagwira ntchito m'malo omwe kuwala kowonekera kumayambitsa zovuta. Newport Corporation's IR alignment lasers imayendetsa $800-1200 koma imakupatsani mphamvu zosinthika komanso mtengo wabwinoko kuposa ma module otsika mtengo. M² milingo pansi pa 1.1 motsutsana ndi 1.3-1.5 pamagawo azamalonda. Izi ndizofunikira pamene mukuyesera kulowa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono kapena kusunga kugundana patali.

Sitigwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha ngati pulogalamuyo ikufuna. Mtengo ukuwonjezeka mofulumira.

Kukula kwa Dot ndi Divergence Palibe Amene Akufotokoza Bwino

"5mW laser pointer" ikhoza kukhala ndi kusiyana kwa mtengo kulikonse kuchokera pa 0.5 milliradians mpaka 1.5 milliradians. Pamamita 10 ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kadontho ka 5mm ndi kadontho ka 15mm. Opanga nthawi zina amatchula izi, nthawi zina satero.

Ma laser obiriwira otsika mtengo ochokera ku Amazon amakonda kuthamanga 1.2-1.5 mrad divergence. Tidayeza mayunitsi angapo ndikukhazikitsa kosavuta - laser patali, chandamale choyera, kuyeza m'mimba mwake ndi ma calipers. Osati ndendende NIST yotsatiridwa koma yabwino mokwanira ntchito yofunsira. Ma laser obiriwira a DPSS okwera mtengo kwambiri ochokera ku CNI kapena Laserglow Technologies nthawi zambiri amabwera pansi pa 1.0 mrad okhala ndi mbiri yabwino yozungulira.

Mbiri ya Beam imafunikira mukamayesa kugunda zigoli zazing'ono. Mtsinje wa Gaussian umakupatsani malo oyera apakati ndikugudubuzika pang'onopang'ono. Ma lasers otsika mtengo a diode nthawi zina amakhala ndi mbiri yozungulira kapena yosakhazikika yomwe imapangitsa kuti zolinga zake zikhale zovuta. Njira yokhayo yodziwira ndikudalira zolemba za wopanga (zowopsa popanda-maina) kapena dziyeseni nokha.

Pa kulumikizana kwa zida zopangira opaleshoni, titha kunena kuti 0.6 mrad divergence pazipita chifukwa mtunda wogwirira ntchito unali 400mm ndipo kukula kwa chandamale kunali 2mm m'mimba mwake. Izi zimakupatsani kutsika pang'ono koma osati zambiri. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali pakusiyana kokulirapo unali pafupifupi 40% kuposa ma module wamba amakampani.

Mavuto Oyika Zenizeni Kuyambira Chaka Chatha

Timayika ma laser alignment system mu makina a CNC mphero kuti aziyika zida zokha. Zinkawoneka zowongoka - kuyika laser ku nyumba yozungulira, pulojekiti yolowera pa chandamale chokhazikika, kuyeza kupatuka chida chilichonse chisanasinthe. Inagwira ntchito bwino pakuyesa, idalephera kupanga chifukwa kudula nkhungu yamadzimadzi kunasokoneza zenera la laser mkati mwa milungu iwiri. Palibe amene adaganizapo za izi panthawi yopanga.

Njira yothetsera vutoli inali kuwonjezera kapu yopukutira mpweya yomwe imapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda nthawi zonse pabowo la laser. Anawonjezera $45 m'magawo ndi 2 maola kukhazikitsa pa makina. Zikadayenera kukhala mu kapangidwe koyambirira.

Kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinthu china chomwe chimaluma anthu. Tidalingalira dongosolo la laser poyika chida chophatikizira chomwe chingagwire ntchito kuchokera ku 65 digiri F mpaka 140 digiri F. Wopanga ma module a laser adati gawo lawo lidavoteredwa ku 140 digiri F koma sananene kuti kusintha kwa zero kumangotsimikiziridwa ku digiri ya 120 F. Pamwambapa, kukulitsa kwamafuta kwa bulaketi yokwera kunasuntha mtengo wa 060 inchi. Zosavomerezeka kwathunthu kulolerana kwa layup.

Adatha kusinthira kwa wopanga wina (Laser Components DG GmbH, mndandanda wawo wa FP) womwe udapereka chidziwitso chakuwongolera kutentha. Mtengo unali wofanana, pafupifupi $ 380 pa gawo lililonse, koma adayesa ndikulemba zomwe timakonda.

Chifukwa Chake Mapulogalamu Ena Amagwiritsabe Ntchito Ma Diode Opanda

Pakupanga-mavoliyumu ambiri komwe kuwala kwa laser kumayikidwa muzinthu, nthawi zina mumangoyika diode yaiwisi ndi dalaivala molunjika m'malo mogula gawo lomaliza. Tidachita izi pa chipangizo chachipatala chomwe chimafunika 3mW red laser - kugula ma diode a Osram PLT5 450 pa kuchuluka kwa 1000 kumatenga pafupifupi $4.20 iliyonse (mitengo ya osram.com 2023 kwa ogawa), kuphatikiza $2-3 ina ya dalaivala IC ndi zongokhala. Ma module athunthu amawononga $ 25-40 iliyonse, kotero DIY idamveka momveka bwino.

Choyipa chake ndikuti mukupanga mawonekedwe anu owoneka bwino, kutenthetsa, kutsimikizira dera la driver, ndikuyesa kudalirika. Pazinthu zina zomwe zimalowa m'chida chachipatala chomwe chimafuna kuperekedwa ndi FDA, imeneyo ndi ntchito yaikulu yaumisiri. Tidakhala pafupifupi maola 200 pakupanga ndi kutsimikizira, koma tidasunga pafupifupi $18,000 pamitengo yazigawo panthawi yopanga. Ndiwofunika 1000+ mayunitsi, osakwana mayunitsi 500.

Collimating Optics ndiye gawo lovuta. Mufunika ma lens a aspheric kapena -element system yambiri kuti mupeze lalanje wabwino kuchokera ku diode yopanda kanthu. Edmund Optics amagulitsa magalasi a aspheric a laser collimation kuyambira $25-50 kutengera NA ndi m'mimba mwake. Koma kuti zigwirizane bwino zimafunika kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa diode ndi mandala, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa 0.05mm. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kukonza bwino kwa nyumba kapena zomangira zomangirira ndi kutseka.

Opanga ena akugwiritsa ntchito-ma module a collimated diode. Thorlabs ali ndi mndandanda wawo wa CPS womwe umaphatikiza diode, driver, ndi ma collimating Optics mu compact TO-can package. Pafupifupi $80-120 pagawo lililonse lomwe limakhala lotsika mtengo kuposa zolozera za laser zomalizidwa ndipo zimakupatsani kusinthasintha kwapangidwe.

Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake anthu ambiri sagwiritsa ntchito izi pamapulogalamu ophatikizidwa. Amathetsa zovuta zambiri zololera zamakina pomwe amasungabe ndalama zokwanira pamlingo wocheperako.

Kwa ma module a laser onyamula mumtundu wa 1-5mW,lithiamu CR1/3N batirentchito modabwitsa. Ndiocheperako koma amanyamula 170mAh pa 3V, yokwanira maola 8-10 akuthamanga pama module ofiira a laser. Tazigwiritsa ntchito pazida zolumikizira pamanja pomwe mabatire a AA anali ochulukirapo. Mtengo wake umayenda pafupifupi $2-3 pa selo lililonse mu kuchuluka kwake, ndipo nthawi ya alumali ndi 10+ zaka zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga zinthu zina.