Kodi Battery Management System ndi chiyani?

Battery Management System

A Battery Management System (BMS) ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira bwino mapaketi a batri. Kwa magalimoto amagetsi, -ma hardware opangidwa mwaluso a BMS ndi mapulogalamu amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kutalikitsa moyo wa batire, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi kutsimikizira chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa paketi ya batri yamagetsi. Dongosolo loyang'anira batire lamphamvu lakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi. Mutuwu udzayang'ana pa kuyambitsa mapangidwe, ntchito, ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka batri la mphamvu.

System Architecture

Ma hardware amtundu wa battery management system (BMS) makamaka akuphatikizapo Battery Management Unit (BMU), Cell Management Unit (CMU), masensa, mawaya, ndi zina zotero. Popanga -mabatire akuluakulu amphamvu, kusankha kamangidwe ka BMS n'kofunika kwambiri, kutsimikizira mwachindunji njira zolumikizirana pakati pa mayunitsi a hardware ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu, njira yopangira mapulogalamu, njira yoyezera ndalama, ndi kukonzanso mtengo wa mapulogalamu, kukonzanso mtengo, ndi kukonzanso mayendedwe a mapulogalamu. kulondola. Kutengera ndi topology pakati pa olamulira mu BMS, ma BMS amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ophatikizidwa ndi kugawidwa.

1. Integrated BM

BMS yophatikizika, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti single BMS, imatanthawuza BMS yomwe imagwirizanitsa chowongolera chachikulu (BMU) ndi chowongolera ma cell (CMU) kukhala chowongolera chimodzi, chowongolera chachikulu chomwe chimagwira mwachindunji ntchito zopeza, kukonza, ndi kuwongolera. The topology ya BMS yophatikizika ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8-1.

 

Ma BMS ophatikizika ndi ophatikizika, ali ndi kuthekera kolimbana ndi-kusokoneza, ndipo amapereka mwachangu-kulumikizana kwamagulu, kumathandizira kupeza ma data molumikizana. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuchita ntchito zonse za BMS phukusi limodzi, kuchepetsa ndalama. Komabe, ma BMS ophatikizika amakhala ndi zolumikizira zovuta komanso zolumikizira ma waya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuteteza dongosolo la batri pomwe mabwalo amfupi amachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana. Amangoyenera ma module a batri ang'onoang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi scalability ndi kusakhazikika bwino.

 

2. BMS yogawidwa

 

Mosiyana ndi ma topology ophatikizika, zomanga zogawidwa zimagawa magwiridwe antchito a BMS mu BMU yayikulu ndi ma CMU angapo akapolo. Dongosolo la modular limathandizira kuphatikiza ma module, kukhathamiritsa masanjidwe a ma sampling harness, ndikuchepetsa kusagwirizana kwa kutsika kwa ma voltage ndi masitayilo ofanana. Zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kukwera mtengo komanso kuyankhulana kovutirapo komanso kupanga kowongolera. Kutengera kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zolumikizirana za BMS, zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: kulumikizana kwa nyenyezi (onani Chithunzi 8-2), kulumikizana kwa basi, ndi kulumikizana kwa daisy-chain.

 

(1) Kulumikizana kwa NyenyeziPolumikizana ndi nyenyezi, bolodi lalikulu la BMU lili pakati, ndipo gawo lililonse la CMU limalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi bolodi lalikulu la BMS kudzera pa harni. Kulumikizika kwa nyenyezi kumathandizira kuti-ku-kuwongolera malo, ndipo kulephera kwa nodi imodzi ya CMU sikukhudza kwambiri makinawo. Komabe, pamene chiwerengero cha ma modules chikuwonjezeka, zovuta za mizere yoyankhulirana mu kugwirizana kwa nyenyezi zimawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza kukhala kovuta komanso kuchepetsa scalability. Chifukwa cha malire a madoko a BMS mainboard, ma CMU sangawonjezedwe mwachisawawa, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosowa m'mapulogalamu akuluakulu-.

 

(2) Kulumikiza mabasiKapangidwe ka basi{{0}kutengera kamangidwe kake kamathandizira kamangidwe kake, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 8-3. BMS nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magawo angapo owongolera: BMU, CMU, ndi Battery Join Box (BJB). Ma BMU, CMU, ndi BJB amalumikizidwa kudzera pa CAN kapena maukonde ena amabasi. BMU imagwira ntchito zazikuluzikulu za kasamalidwe ka batri; CMU imapanga ma cell voltage acquisition, equalization, ndi kuyeza kutentha; BJB imapanga ma voltage apamwamba, apano, komanso kutentha, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kuwunika, komanso kuzindikira kwapakati pa batri; kudzipatula kumapereka kudzipatula kwamagetsi, kuteteza kubwerera kumbuyo kuti zisawotche bolodi lozungulira ndikuchepetsa kusokoneza matalikidwe.

 

Kamangidwe ka mabasi{{0}amapereka mauthenga osinthika osinthika komanso kuchulika kwamphamvu, kufewetsa kwambiri kamangidwe ka ma hardware, kukwanitsa kusinthasintha, ndi kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kusuntha kwamakina. Choyipa chake chachikulu ndi kukwera mtengo kwake.

 

Daisy-chaining ndi njira yatsopano yolumikizirana yomwe yayamba posachedwapa. Mawonekedwewa amatha kusinthira ma siginoloji a-duplex SPI mpaka 1Mb/s kukhala masigino osiyanasiyana ndikuwatumiza kudzera pa chingwe chopotoka-ndi chosinthira chosavuta,{5}}chotsika mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, zida za Linear Technology's AFE (LTC6811) zitha kulumikizidwa kuti zipange BMS. Transfoma yaing'ono,{9}}yotsika mtengo ilowa m'malo mwa chopatula cha data. Pa mbali yayikulu yolamulira microprocessor, adaputala yaying'ono IC (LTC6820) imapereka mawonekedwe owongolera. Ngakhale unidirectional daisy{13}}chain networking ndi yosavuta, kulephera kwa node iliyonse kumatha kusokoneza kulumikizana kwadongosolo lonse. Therefore, an improved ring daisy-chain, as shown in Figure 8-4, has been developed and applied in the BMS products of major new energy vehicle manufacturers such as Tesla. Poyerekeza ndi mayendedwe a mabasi a CAN, daisy{19}}macheni amatsika mtengo komanso ndi ochepa kukula kwake, koma amakhala osasunthika bwino, amachulukirachulukira, komanso amavuta kuthana ndi vuto la kasamalidwe ka batri muzochitika zovuta kwambiri monga makina osungira mphamvu zazikulu.

Ntchito Zoyambira

Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zoyambilira za Battery Management System (BMS) ndi monga: kupeza deta, kuyerekezera mmene mabatire alili, kasamalidwe ka mphamvu, kasamalidwe ka chitetezo, kasamalidwe ka kutentha, mphamvu zofananira, ntchito zoyankhulirana, ndi mawonekedwe a makina-anthu. Chithunzi 8-5 chikuwonetsa chojambula chogwira ntchito cha kasamalidwe ka batri.

1. Kupeza Data

Kupeza deta ndiye maziko a ma algorithms onse ndi zowongolera mu Battery Management System (BMS). Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo, kulondola, ndi{1}}zosefera zisanachitike ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a batire. Mlingo wopezera deta umatsimikiziridwa ndi zochitika ndi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mphamvu zosungirako zosunga zobwezeretsera, mlingo wopezera deta ukhoza kukhala wotsika ngati chimango chimodzi pa masekondi 10 kapena ngakhale pamphindi; pomwe pazinthu zomwe zikusintha mwachangu (monga magalimoto), data ikuyenera kupezedwa kamodzi pa sekondi imodzi iliyonse, ndi chitetezo china-chokhudzana ndi data yomwe imafuna kusanja pafupipafupi kwa 100ms kapena 10ms.

2. Kuyerekeza kwa Battery State

Chiyerekezo cha nthawi ya batri chimakhala ndi mbali ziwiri:State of Charge (SOC)ndiState of Health (SOH). SOC imadziwika ndi mtengo wotsalira wa batri ndipo ndiye maziko owerengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi. SOH ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira moyo wotsalira wa batri ndi zina zaumoyo.

3. Kuwongolera Mphamvu

Kuwongolera mphamvu kumawonetsetsa kuti-nthawi yeniyeni yotulutsa mphamvu ndi kulowetsa batire sikudutsa batire ndi mphamvu yonyamula makina. Zowonadi, kuchuluka kwa batire / kutulutsa kwamagetsi kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, SOC, ndi SOH, pakati pazifukwa zina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamlingo wadongosolo, zoopsa monga kutentha kwambiri ndi kusungunuka kwa dera ziyenera kupewedwa. Choncho, kasamalidwe ka mphamvu ndi njira yoyendetsera dziko lonse lapansi makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito panopa, magetsi, kutentha, SOC, ndi SOH monga zolowetsa.

4. Kasamalidwe ka Chitetezo

Kuyang'anira mphamvu ya batri, yapano, ndi kutentha kuti muwonetsetse kuti sizikupitilira mulingo wabwinobwino. BMS yamakono (Battery Management System) sikuti imangoyang'anira batire yonse pa paketi komanso imapereka mphamvu zowongolera ma cell amtundu uliwonse monga kuchucha,{1}}kutha, ndi{2}}kutentha kopitilira.

5. Thermal Management

Kuziziritsa batire pamene kutentha kwake kwa ntchito kuli kwakukulu kwambiri ndikuwotcha pamene kugwera pansi pa malire otsika a kutentha kwake koyenera kuti asunge batri mkati mwa njira yake yogwiritsira ntchito bwino ndikusunga kutentha pakati pa maselo amodzi panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuwongolera kwamafuta ndikofunikira kwambiri pamabatire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito{1}pakutha kwamphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri-kutentha kwambiri.

6. Kusamala Kulamulira

Kusagwirizana kwa magwiridwe antchito a batri kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito onse a batire komanso zoopsa zachitetezo. Mabwalo oyendera amayikidwa pakati pa ma cell omwe ali mu paketi ya batri kuti awonetsetse kuti zolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa za selo iliyonse ndizofanana momwe zingathere, potero kumapangitsa kuti batire igwire bwino ntchito.

7. Kuyankhulana Ntchito

Ntchito yofunikira ya kasamalidwe ka batire (BMS) ndikupangitsa kulumikizana kwa batire ndi chidziwitso ndi zida zapaboard kapena zakunja, kupereka deta yowongolera / kutulutsa ndikuwongolera magalimoto. Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, kusinthana kwa data kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana, monga ma siginecha a analogi, ma sign a PWM, mabasi a CAN, kapena ma serial interfaces a I2C.

8. Anthu-Machine Interface (HMI)

HMI ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi anthu-makina. Imagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zolowera ndi zotulutsa kuti zitheke kukambirana ndi kuyanjana pakati pa anthu ndi makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Mu BMS, HMI imaphatikizapo zidziwitso zowonetsera ndi mabatani owongolera ndi ma knobs, opangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.