Kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe batire ingathe kutulutsa pansi pazifukwa zina zomwe zimatuluka zimatchedwa mphamvu ya batri, yomwe imasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro C. Chigawo chake chimatchulidwa kawirikawiri monga A·h kapena mA·h.
1. Mphamvu Zongoganizira (C0)
Kuthekera kwa mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe batire lingapereke potengera kuti zonse zomwe zimagwira zimagwira nawo ntchito-pakupanga mphamvu. Kuthekera kwamalingaliro kumatha kuwerengedwa molondola pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu batri reaction equation, kutengera ma electrochemical ofanana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zowerengedwa molingana ndi lamulo la Faraday.
Lamulo la Faraday limanena kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu njira ya electrolyte, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala pa electrode zimayenderana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe akudutsa. Mwamasamu, izi zitha kufotokozedwa ngati ...
Lamulo la Faraday limanena kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mu njira ya electrolyte, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala pa electrode zimayenderana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe akudutsa. Mwa masamu, izi zimafotokozedwa motere:
Kumene Q ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi akudutsa mu electrode reaction (A · h);
m ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthu chogwira ntchito (g);
M ndi kuchuluka kwa molar wa chinthu chogwira ntchito (g/mol);
F ndi Faraday yokhazikika, pafupifupi 96500 C/mol kapena 26.8 A·h/mol.
Equation (2-6) imathanso kumveka ngati kuchuluka kwa magetsi Q kumasulidwa pambuyo pakuchita kwathunthu kwa chinthu chogwira cha misa m. Kuchuluka kwa magetsi Q ndi mphamvu yowerengera (C₀) ya chinthu chogwira ntchito pa electrode, yomwe imayimira kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amatulutsidwa pamene chinthu chogwira ntchito cha misa m chikugwira nawo ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, equation (2-6) imatha kulembedwanso motere:
Mu ndondomekoyi, K imayimira electrochemical yofanana ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito, K=M / 26.8 [g/(A·h)], zomwe zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuti mupeze 1 A·h yolipira. Chilinganizo (2-7) ndi chilinganizo kuwerengera theoretical mphamvu ya elekitirodi yogwira zipangizo. Ma electrochemical ofanana ndi ma elekitirodi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 2-2. Zofanana ndi ma electrochemical zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufananiza kuchuluka kwazinthu zama electrode.
Table 2-2 Electrochemical Equivalents of Commonly Ntchito Electrode Active Materials
| Chinthu Chogwira Ntchito | Misa ya Molar/(g/mol) | Nambala ya Ma electron Opangidwa Pochita (n) | Electrochemical Equivalent [g/(A·h)] |
|---|---|---|---|
| H₂ | 2.0 | 2 | 0.037 |
| Li | 6.94 | 1 | 0.259 |
| Zn | 65.4 | 2 | 1.220 |
| Cd | 112.4 | 2 | 2.220 |
| Pb | 207.2 | 2 | 3.737 |
| MnO₂ | 85.0 | 1 | 3.167 |
| Ndi(OH)₂ | 92.7 | 1 | 3.456 |
| PbO₂ | 239.2 | 2 | 4.463 |
2. Mphamvu Zovoteledwa (C₀)
Mphamvu yoyengedwa ndi kuchuluka komwe batire iyenera kutulutsa pansi pazifukwa zina (monga kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa, ndi termination voltage) monga momwe zafotokozedwera ndi miyezo yadziko kapena yofunikira ya dipatimenti.
3. Mphamvu Zenizeni (C)
Pa nthawi ya kutulutsa kosiyanasiyana
Mu chilinganizo, I--amayimira kutulutsa kwapano, ntchito ya nthawi yotulutsa t;
T - imayimira nthawi yochokera kumtunda kupita kumagetsi omaliza.
Chifukwa cha kukana kwamkati ndi zinthu zina, zinthu zogwira ntchito sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira; ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito nthawi zonse kumakhala kochepa kuposa 1. Choncho, mphamvu zenizeni ndi mphamvu zovomerezeka za gwero la mphamvu ya mankhwala nthawi zonse zimakhala zotsika kusiyana ndi mphamvu zamaganizo. Mlingo wogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimatanthauzidwa kuti ...
Kumene m ndi kulemera kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito;
m₁ ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mphamvu yeniyeni imatulutsidwa.
Mphamvu yeniyeni ya batri imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi. Pamene magetsi akuchucha{{1}panopa, mphamvu ya ma elekitirodi imachuluka, mphamvu ya ma elekitirodi imawonjezeka, mphamvu ya mkati imawonjezeka, mphamvu ya magetsi imatsika kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya batire imachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya batire ikhale yochepa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pansi-zimene zimatuluka, mphamvu yotulutsa imatsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yeniyeni yotulutsidwa ndi batire nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kuposa mphamvu yomwe idavoteledwa.
4. Mphamvu Yotsalira
Kuchuluka kotsalira kumatanthauza mphamvu yogwiritsiridwa ntchito yotsalira batire ikatsitsidwa pamlingo wakutiwakuti. Kuyerekeza ndi kuwerengera kwa mphamvu yotsalira kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa kutayira ndi nthawi yotulutsidwa panthawi yomwe batire imagwiritsa ntchito koyambirira, komanso kuchuluka kwa ukalamba wa batri ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyerekezera kolondola kukhala kovuta.
5. n-Kuchuluka kwa Maola
n-chiyerekezo cha ola chimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amatulutsidwa ndi batire yomwe yachangidwa kwambiri ikatsitsidwa pa n-chiyerekezo cha ola mpaka mphamvu yomwe mwasankha ifike.
6. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu
Mphamvu yogwiritsiridwa ntchito imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amatulutsidwa mu batri yodzaza kwathunthu pansi pamikhalidwe yodziwika.
