Kodi Solar Energy Storage ndi chiyani?

Mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu ya dzuwa imagwira ndikusunga magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito dzuŵa silikuwala. Makinawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa batri kusunga mphamvu zochulukirapo zomwe zimapangidwa masana, kuzipangitsa kuti zizipezeka nthawi yausiku, mitambo, kapena kuzimitsa kwamagetsi.

Njira yosungira mphamvu ya dzuwa imaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo zolumikizana zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi. Ma solar amatulutsa magetsi olunjika (DC) dzuwa likagunda ma cell awo a photovoltaic. Magetsi awa amayenda kudzera mu inverter, yomwe imatembenuza kukhala alternating current (AC) kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mnyumba ndi mabizinesi.

Ma sola akatulutsa magetsi ochulukirapo kuposa momwe amafunikira, mphamvu yochulukirapo imayitanitsa ma batire m'malo mongowonongeka. Mabatirewa amakhala ndi mphamvu ngati mankhwala mpaka itafunika. Makina amakono owongolera mabatire amawunika kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma charger, kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito motetezeka nthawi zonse -zakuthamangitsa.

Mphamvu yosungidwa imapezeka pakufunika. Madzulo pamene ma sola amasiya kupanga mphamvu, kapena pamene grid yazimitsidwa, batire imatuluka kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zamagetsi. Izi zimapanga magetsi odalirika osatengera{2}}nthawi yeniyeni yopangira solar.

Solar Energy Storage

Kusungirako mabatire kumalamulira nyumba zosungiramo mphamvu zadzuwa komanso zamalonda, ndibatri lithiamumatekinoloje omwe akutsogolera msika. Mabatire a Lithium-amapereka mphamvu zochulukirachulukira, kutanthauza kuti amasunga magetsi ochulukirapo m'mipata yaying'ono. Mabatirewa nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 10-15 ndipo amatha kuyendetsa maulendo opitilira 6,000 kusanachitike kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Mabatire a Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) atchuka kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa. Amapereka kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwamafuta ndi chitetezo poyerekeza ndi ma chemistries ena a lithiamu. Mabatirewa amakhala ndi mphamvu zokwana 80% pakatha zaka zambiri akupalasa njinga tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikwera mtengo-ngakhale kuti amakwera mtengo.

Mabatire a lead{{0}acid akuyimira umisiri wakale, wotsika mtengo. Ngakhale mitengo yogulira yoyambira ndiyotsika, imakhala zaka 3-7 zokha ndipo imafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Kuchita bwino kwawo kochepa kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa zimatayika panthawi yolipira ndi kusunga.

Ukadaulo womwe ukubwera uli ndi mabatire olimba-, omwe amalowetsa ma electrolyte amadzimadzi ndi zinthu zolimba. Izi zimalonjeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi komanso chitetezo chokhazikika, ngakhale kupezeka kwamalonda kumakhalabe kochepa. Mabatire oyenda amapereka malo osungiramo ma scalable oyikapo okulirapo, kusunga mphamvu m'matangi amadzi a electrolyte omwe amatha kukula osadalira mphamvu yakutulutsa mphamvu.

Makina osungira matenthedwe amatengera kutentha osati magetsi. Zomera zotentha kwambiri za dzuwa zimagwiritsa ntchito mchere wosungunuka kapena zinthu zina kuti zisunge mphamvu zotentha, zomwe pambuyo pake zimapanga magetsi kudzera mumagetsi opangira nthunzi. Kwa ntchito zogona, zotenthetsera madzi adzuwa zimasunga mphamvu zowotcha mwachindunji m'matangi amadzi otsekedwa.

Kudziyimira pawokha pazamagetsi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Makina omwe ali ndi malo osungira amatha kugwira ntchito panthawi yamagetsi, kusunga mphamvu zolemetsa zovuta. M'madera omwe magetsi amazimitsidwa pafupipafupi, kulimba mtima kumeneku kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe sangakwanitse kutaya nthawi.

Ndalama zosungira ndalama zimawunjikana kudzera m'njira zingapo. M'madera omwe ali ndi nthawi-yo{2}}yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, mphamvu ya solar yomwe imasungidwa imawononga mtengo wokwera-maola a gridi. Mayiko ngati California asinthanso mfundo za metering, zomwe zimapangitsa kusungirako kukhala kokongola kwambiri kuposa kutumiza mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa ku gridi pamitengo yotsika.

Kuchuluka kwa mabatire ku United States pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri mu 2024, pomwe opanga akuwonjezera 14.3 GW ku 15.5 GW yomwe ilipo. Kukula kofulumiraku kukuwonetsa kuzindikira kwa mtengo wosungira m'nyumba zogona komanso zothandiza-zogwiritsa ntchito.

Zopindulitsa zachilengedwe zimapitilira kuposa ma solar panel okha. Makina osungira amathandizira kuti mphamvu zowonjezedwanso ziwolowe kwambiri pagululi powongolera kupanga kwapakatikati. Amachepetsa kufunikira kwa zomera za "peaker" zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayaka pakanthawi kochepa-zikufunika.

Kukhazikika kwa ma gridi kumapita bwino pamene makina osungira ogawidwa akuphatikizana m'mafakitale opangira magetsi. Zida zolumikizidwa ndi netiwekizi zitha kupereka kuwongolera pafupipafupi, chithandizo chamagetsi, ndi ntchito zoyankhira zomwe zimathandizira kuti magetsi azikhala odalirika m'magawo onse.

Padziko lonse lapansi msika wosungira mphamvu ya dzuwa unali wamtengo wapatali $93.4 biliyoni mu 2024 ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika $378.5 biliyoni pofika 2034, kuyimira chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha 17.8%. Zolimbikitsa zaboma komanso kutsika kwamitengo yaukadaulo kumapangitsa kukula uku.

The Inflation Reduction Act idasintha kwambiri chuma chosungira ku United States. Misonkho yamisonkho yosungitsa ndalama tsopano ikugwira ntchito kumakina osungira zinthu odziyimira pawokha, pomwe mabatire am'mbuyomu anali oyenerera kupatsidwa makhothi amisonkho a boma akakhala-zokhala ndi solar. Kusintha kwa mfundozi kwatsegula -kutumiza kosungirako.

Mtengo wa batri watsika kwambiri. Dongosolo lodziwika bwino la lithiamu-yokhalamo lomwe limawononga $20,000 mu 2020 tsopano likuwononga $12,000-$18,000 yoyikiratu. Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zatsika kwambiri, kutsika ndi 93% pazaka khumi zapitazi malinga ndi malipoti a kusintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.

Kutengera malonda kumachulukirachulukira pomwe mabizinesi akutsata zolinga zokhazikika. Makampani akuluakulu a ku United States ayika mphamvu ya solar yokwana pafupifupi 40 GW komanso kupitirira 1.8 GWh ya malo osungira mabatire kudzera pa Q1 2024. Kuyikiraku kumachepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito pamene akusonyeza zimene walonjeza pa chilengedwe.

Mabatire apanyumba nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira 5 kWh mpaka 20 kWh mphamvu. Dongosolo la 10-15 kWh limatha kupatsa mphamvu katundu wofunikira wapakhomo kwa masiku 1-2 pakuzimitsa, kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Makina ambiri a eni nyumba kuti agwiritse ntchito magetsi usiku pomwe akusunga mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera mwadzidzidzi.

Mu theka loyamba la 2025, 40% ya kukhazikitsa kwatsopano kwa dzuwa kunaphatikizapo kusungirako. Mlingo wophatikizawu umasiyana kwambiri ndi dera. California ikutsogola ndi ziwongola dzanja zochulukira chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi mawu owerengera a solar-okha. Hawaii imawonetsanso njira zofananira pomwe nthawi-ya-mitengo yogwiritsira ntchito komanso chipukuta misozi chochepa chotumiza katundu kumapangitsa malo osungira kukhala okwera mtengo.

Zochunira zimabwera mumitundu yambiri ya AC-yophatikizana kapena DC-yophatikizana. DC-makina ophatikizika amaphatikiza mabatire pamaso pa solar inverter, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu kwambiri popewa kutembenuka kangapo pakati pa DC ndi AC. AC-makina ophatikizika amalumikizana pambuyo pa inverter, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zitheke kukonzanso ma sola omwe alipo.

Makina oyang'anira mphamvu anzeru amakwaniritsa zosungirako. Oyang'anirawa amaphunzira njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, zolosera zanyengo, ndi ndandanda yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amazilipiritsa mabatire pa nthawi yotsika-ndi kutulutsa madzi m'nthawi yokwera mtengo kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti mabilu apulumutse popanda kuchitapo kanthu pamanja.

Solar Energy Storage

Mafamu akuluakulu oyendera dzuwa akuphatikizana kwambiri ndi makina a batri. Texas ndi California zimapanga 82% ya mphamvu zatsopano zosungira mabatire aku US, pomwe Texas ikuwonjezera 6.4 GW ndi California ikuwonjezera 5.2 GW. Maikowa amakumana ndi kulowa kwadzuwa kwakukulu komanso zolimbikitsa zachuma zosungirako.

Mabatire a gululi-amagwira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi. Amapereka kuwongolera pafupipafupi pobaya jekeseni kapena kuyamwa mphamvu nthawi yomweyo kuti asunge kukhazikika kwa 60 Hz. Amapereka kulimbitsa mphamvu, kuwongolera kusintha kwa dzuwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mitambo yodutsa. Panthawi yofunikira kwambiri, amatsitsa kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa zomangamanga zotumizira.

Vuto la "bakha curve" likuwonetsa kufunikira kosungirako. M'madera okwera-otentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa, kutulutsa masana nthawi zambiri kumaposa zomwe anthu amafuna, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsira ntchito gridi achepetse kutulutsa kongowonjezeranso. Kenaka kupanga kwa dzuwa kumatsika kwambiri pamene dzuŵa likuloŵa, ndendende pamene kufunikira kwa nyumba kukukwera. Mabatire amasunga kuchuluka kwa masana masana ndikutuluka nthawi yamadzulo, ndikuwongolera mokhotakhota.

Malo ogulitsa ndi mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito solar-kuphatikiza-kusungirako kuti achepetse mtengo wofunikira. Zolipiritsazi zimawononga kuchuluka kwa magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimatengera 30-70% ya ndalama zonse za magetsi. Potulutsa mabatire panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, mabizinesi amachepetsa kuchuluka kwawo komwe amafunikira ndikusunga ndalama zambiri.

Lithium-zosiyanasiyana za chemistry za ion zimapereka ma tradeoffs osiyanasiyana. Mabatire a Nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) amapereka mphamvu zochulukirachulukira koma amakumana ndi zovuta pakuwongolera kutentha. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) imapereka kachulukidwe kamphamvu kachitetezo chapamwamba komanso moyo wautali. Makhazikitsidwe ambiri okhalamo amakonda LiFePO4 chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake okhazikika pamitundu yotentha.

Moyo wozungulira umatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Batire yomwe idavotera mizungu 6,000 pakuya kwa 80% imatha kutulutsa pafupifupi 60 MWh pa moyo wake wonse ngati mphamvu yake ndi 10 kWh. Metric imeneyi imakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosungidwa-mtengo wake pa kilowati iliyonse-ola lililonse pa nthawi imene batire ikugwira ntchito.

Njira zochepetsera zimasiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito. Kukalamba kwa kalendala kumachitika pakapita nthawi, pomwe ukalamba umabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa -kutulutsa. Mabatire akugwira ntchito pakatentha pang'ono (madigiri 15-25) ndikupewa kutulutsa kwathunthu / kutulutsa kutulutsa kumatalikitsa moyo. Machitidwe oyendetsa mabatire abwino amalepheretsa zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuwonongeka.

-kuyenda bwino kumayesa kutayika kwa mphamvu panthawi yosungira. Makina amakono a lithiamu amakwanitsa 90-95% kuchita bwino, kutanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zimatha ngati kutentha. Izi zikufanizira bwino ndi kusungirako kwa hydro (70-85%) kapena mabatire a lead-acid (70-80%), zomwe zimapangitsa matekinoloje a lithiamu kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri panjinga ya tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuzimitsa-Grid moyo kumafuna malo osungira bwino. Kunyumba komwe kuli kopanda -pa gridi kumafunika masiku 2-3 a batire ili kuti kukhale nyengo ya mitambo. Izi zitha kumasulira kukhala 30-50 kWh yosungirako nyumba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito 15 kWh tsiku lililonse. Kuchulukirachulukira kumalepheretsa kuthamanga kwambiri kwa batire, komwe kumawonjezera moyo wadongosolo.

Magalimoto osangalatsa amapindula ndi compact lithium systems. Batire ya lifiyamu ya 200 Ah imalemera pafupifupi 25kg ndipo imatenga malo ochepa, poyerekeza ndi makg 60 pamtundu wofanana wa lead{4}acid. Kuchepetsa kulemera kumeneku kumafunikira pamapulogalamu am'manja, ndipo kulolerana kwakuya kumatanthawuza kuti mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Ntchito zaulimi zimagwiritsa ntchito solar-kuphatikiza-zosungirako popopera mthirira. Mphamvu zopangira dzuwa masana zimapopera mwachindunji, pomwe mabatire amasunga mphamvu zochulukirapo pamayendedwe amthirira am'mawa kapena madzulo. Izi zimachotsa mtengo wolumikizira ma gridi kumadera akutali ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Ma telecommunication akutali amadalira kwambiri ma solar ndi mabatire. Kuyika uku kumafuna mphamvu yodalirika koma kumakhala kutali ndi zomangamanga za grid. Mabatire a lithiamu amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kusiyana ndi mabatire ena kwinaku akukonza kwa zaka zambiri{2}akugwira ntchito kwaulere.

Mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera zadzidzidzi zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panjinga tsiku lililonse. Makina opangidwa makamaka kuti azizima amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire akuluakulu omwe amachangidwa pafupipafupi. Izi zimakulitsa moyo wa batri chifukwa kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamavale. Dongosololi limangokhala chete mpaka mphamvu ya gridi italephera.

Kukula koyenera kumafuna kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane mphamvu. Unikani momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mbiri, kuzindikira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kusiyanasiyana kwanyengo. Ganizirani ndi katundu wotani omwe amafunikira mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera ndi zomwe zingachedwe pakatha. Zosintha zomwe zakonzedwa monga kuyitanitsa galimoto yamagetsi kapena zowonjezera kunyumba.

Kuwongolera kutentha kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautali. Mabatire amagwira ntchito bwino pakati pa 15-25 digiri. Kuyika m'malo otentha kumafunikira mpweya wabwino kapena kuwongolera nyengo. Malo ozizira angafunike zinthu zotenthetsera kuti zisungidwe kuvomerezedwa, ngakhale ma batri ena amalekerera kutentha kocheperako kuposa ena.

Kuphatikiza magetsi kumafuna akatswiri oyenerera. Makina a mabatire amaphatikiza ntchito yamagetsi ya DC ndi AC, imafunikira malo oyenera, ndipo iyenera kukwaniritsa ma code amagetsi am'deralo. Kuyika molakwika kumapangitsa ngozi zamoto kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida. Madera ambiri amafunikira opanga magetsi omwe ali ndi zilolezo komanso chivomerezo choyendera.

Zofunikira za chilolezo zimasiyana malinga ndi malo. Madera ena amayika makina a batri ngati zida zosungira mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira zilolezo zenizeni, pomwe ena amawaphatikiza pansi pa zilolezo zamagetsi. Mapangano olumikizirana utility nthawi zambiri amafunikira zosintha powonjezera zosungirako zomwe zilipo kale.

Mawu a chitsimikizo amafunikira kuwunikiranso mosamala. Mabatire ambiri a lithiamu amaphatikizapo zitsimikizo zazaka 10 zomwe zimatsimikizira 70% kusunga mphamvu. Komabe, kutetezedwa kwa chitsimikizo kungaphatikizepo njira zina zolephereka kapena kungafunikire zinthu zina zogwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa malire a chitsimikizo kumalepheretsa zodabwitsa pamene kuwonongeka kumaposa zomwe zimayembekezeredwa.

Solar Energy Storage

Mabatire a Lithium-akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu kwa miyezi ingapo osadzitulutsa okha{1}}, ndipo amatha kutaya 2-3% yokha ya mphamvu yake pamwezi akasiya kugwira ntchito. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kusungirako nyengo kapena makina osungira mwadzidzidzi omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Werengetsani kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi tsiku lililonse, ndikuchulukitsa ndi masiku omwe mukufuna kusunga. Banja lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito 30 kWh tsiku lililonse likufunika batire la 10 kWh kuti lizitha kuyatsa magetsi usiku, kapena 60 kWh kwa masiku awiri kuti{4}}lithe kugwira ntchito pagridi. Eni nyumba ambiri amatsutsana ndi machitidwe a 10-15 kWh.

Inde, ma AC{0}}mabatire ophatikizana amalumikizana ndi ma solar omwe alipo kale. Ma retrofits awa amafunikira inverter yowonjezera ndi ntchito yoyika koma kusunga zida zomwe zilipo. DC-zowonjezera zina ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kusintha kwa ma solar inverter.

Mabatire amakono a lithiamu amagwira ntchito bwino nyengo yozizira, ngakhale mphamvu imachepa kwakanthawi kutentha kwambiri. Machitidwe ambiri amaphatikizapo zinthu zotenthetsera zomwe zimagwira ntchito pansi pa kuzizira. Magwiridwe ake amabwerera mwakale mabatire akatenthedwa.

Kusungirako mphamvu zadzuwa kumasintha m'badwo wadzuwa wapakatikati kukhala mphamvu yodalirika, yotumiza. Pamene ukadaulo wa batri ukupitilirabe kukula komanso mitengo ikutsika, kusungirako kumakhala kopindulitsa pazachuma zambiri. Kuphatikiza kwa mapanelo adzuwa ndi machitidwe a batri kumapereka ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, kupulumutsa ndalama, komanso zopindulitsa zachilengedwe zomwe solar standalone sizingafanane.

Tekinolojeyi imagwira ntchito zonse, kuyambira kupatsa mphamvu m'nyumba zomwe sizimayima mpaka kukhazikika-magridi okhala ndi mphamvu zamagigawati. Kaya achepetsa mabilu a magetsi pa nthawi-ya-yowonjezera kukhathamiritsa kapena kuyatsa{4}}grid moyo, makina osungira amatsegula mphamvu zonse za sola pochititsa kuti kuwala kwadzuwa kuzitha kupezeka nthawi ina iliyonse.