Kodi kuzirala ndi chiyani?
Funso lochokera kwa James Wong, Fremont, California.
Ndimagwira ntchito pafakitale yakale ya GM-Toyota NUMMI kuno ndipo tangomva kuti tsiku lina tipanga galimoto yamagetsi. Anthu amalankhulabe za kuziziritsa kwa batri. Nkhani yeniyeni ndi chiyani?
Yayankhidwa ndi Richard Flagan, Pulofesa wa Chemical Engineering ndi Environmental Engineering, Caltech.
(Ndimagwira ntchito ya aerosol nthawi zambiri, koma ndakokedwera kumapulojekiti angapo a batri ndi JPL ndi makampani amagalimoto posachedwapa.)
Lifiyamu-paketi ya ion imapanga kutentha modabwitsa mukamakankhira. Paketi ya 60 kWh pa 3C charge imatha kutaya kutentha kwa 15-20 kW. Ndi chotenthetsera chaching'ono chomwe chikuyenda pansi pagalimoto. Siyani izo zokha ndipo ma cell apakati amagunda digirii 60 mukuyesera kuti mufike ku 80%. Moyo umatsika mofulumira kuposa madigiri 45, kotero muyenera kutulutsa kutentha.
Mapaketi ambiri tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zozizira za aluminiyamu za 4-6 mm wandiweyani wokhala ndi njira yosindikizidwa mkati. Mumalowetsa mbale imodzi pakati pa ma module awiri aliwonse kapena pansi pamizere iliyonse yamatumba. Mbaleyo imadzazidwa ndi phala lopyapyala la phala lotenthetsera kumunsi kwa cell. Ma mbale a Ultium a GM ali choncho. Tesla ankapota chubu lozungulira m'zaka za m'ma 18650 ndi 2170 mu zigzag-zowoneka ngati sipageti, zimagwira ntchito bwino, koma zimakhala zowawa kulumikiza. Phukusi latsopano la 4680 ku Texas linapita ku riboni yokulungidwa m'malo mwa chubu chozungulira. Zosavuta kuwotcherera.
Kuziziritsa kumakhala pafupifupi 50/50 madzi-glycol okhala ndi zoletsa zanthawi zonse. Magalimoto ena othamanga amathamanga glycol kapena mafuta a silicone, koma palibe amene amatumiza kwa makasitomala. Kuyenda nthawi zambiri kumakhala malita 10-20 pamphindi pa paketi yayikulu. Pampu ndi chinthu chaching'ono cha 400 W brushless chomwe chikuyenda pa 12 V. Imakhala pansi pa hood kapena mu frunk.
Radiator amakhala kutsogolo kwa condenser ya A/C. Pa liwiro la msewu waulere mumapeza mpweya wambiri, koma kukhala pa Supercharger pa 110 digiri F tsiku ku Barstow wokonda magetsi amayenera kukoka mwamphamvu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Tesla anawonjezera kavalo kakang'ono ka octopus zaka zingapo zapitazo-amalola wozizira kubwereka firiji yoziziritsa ku kanyumba ka A/C loop kukatentha kwambiri.
Kutentha kufalikira ndikupha. Ngati selo lozizira kwambiri ndi 25 digiri ndipo yotentha kwambiri ndi madigiri 40, mwina 15-20 % ya moyo wa paketi imatayika. Chifukwa chake, gawo lolowera liyenera kugawaniza molingana. Makampani ena amapanga timizere tating'onoting'ono panthambi iliyonse. Ena amangopanga ma tchanelo kukhala otalikirapo komanso owonda kotero kuti kuthamanga kumachepetsa kuthamanga kofanana. BYD's blade cell pack imayendetsa zoziziritsa kukhosi m'mphepete mwa cell m'malo mokhala pansi-zimafuna kufanana kwabwinoko.
Kuzizira ndi gawo palibe analankhula mu 1999. Pansipa za 0 digiri simungathe kulipira kudya kapena mbale lifiyamu zitsulo ndi kupha selo. Kotero lupu lomwelo lomwe limazizira tsopano liyenera kutentha. Chotenthetsera cha 3-5 kW PTC chimakhala m'malo osungiramo madzi kapena pakangotha mpope. BMS imayang'ana ma voltages a cell ngati khwawa panthawi ya preheat.
Kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1-1.5 bar gauge. Imasunga kuwira mozungulira madigiri 115-120 kuti musamatenge matumba a nthunzi ngati selo likufuna kupita ku exothermic.
Tidayendetsa ma cell 30-pa benchi chaka chatha ku JPL. Ndi kuziziritsa kunachoka pa 25 digiri kufika ku 65 digiri mu mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu pa 200 A kutulutsa. Yatsani mpope pa 12 L/mphindi ndipo inakhazikika pa 38 digiri. Mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu motsutsana ndi ayi-ndichifukwa chake paketi iliyonse yayikulu imakhala ndi kuziziritsa kwamadzi tsopano.
Ndicho chithunzi choyambirira. Tsatanetsatane imasintha chaka chilichonse chachitsanzo, koma fizikiki sichisintha.
