Kodi kasamalidwe ka chitetezo cha batri ndi chiyani?
kasamalidwe ka chitetezo
Njira yoyendetsera chitetezo cha batri makamaka imatsimikizira kuti pakiti ya batri ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso yotetezeka, kuti isagwire moto chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kapena kulephera chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa. Chifukwa batire pack ndi chipangizo chapamwamba-champhamvu kwambiri, makina oteteza -wamphamvu kwambiri oteteza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ofunikira kuti anthu oyenda pansi komanso oyenda pansi azikhala otetezeka. Dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo cha batri liyenera kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a batire ndi galimoto ndikuwonetsetsa kuti galimoto ikuyenda bwino. Kupanga machitidwe oyendetsera chitetezo cha batri ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha moyo ndi katundu komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi.
Njira yoyezera{{0}voltage insulation'
Zida zosungiramo mphamvu zamagalimoto amagetsi, monga mapaketi amagetsi amagetsi, ma cell amafuta, kapena ma supercapacitor, amagwira ntchito pamagetsi opitilira ma voltage otetezeka a thupi la munthu; mabasi ena amagetsi amakhala ndi mapaketi a batri omwe amagwira ntchito pa 600V. Insulation ya zinthu zotetezera m'galimoto zimawonongeka pang'onopang'ono ikagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakutha, komanso chinyezi chochulukirapo chimachepetsanso kutsekeka pakati pa -batire yamphamvu yamagetsi ndi chassis. Malo otchinga a batire akakhala kuti ali ndi mphamvu kapena ayi, pomwe batire yawonongeka ndikukhudzana ndi chassis, loop yamagetsi imapangidwa, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a mota, zida zina zamagetsi zotsika-zochepa, komanso kuyika pangozi chitetezo cha anthu. Pamene kusungunula pakati pa ma point angapo a pack pack ya batire ndi zaka zapakati, -zimadzitulutsa zokha ndi kudzikundikira mphamvu, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa moto pakavuta kwambiri. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti galimoto ikuyenda bwino, chipangizo chodziwira kuti chikugwira ntchito chiyenera kuikidwa kuti chiziyang'anira kulimba kwa zotchingira pakati pa-magetsi okwera kwambiri ndi chassis munthawi yeniyeni.
Njira zoyezera zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi monga:
1. Direct Kutayikira Muyeso Njira
Mu machitidwe a DC, iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Khazikitsani ma multimeter pamndandanda wapano ndikulumikiza mndandanda pakati pa choyimira chabwino cha paketi ya batri ndi choyikapo cha chipangizo (kapena pansi). Izi zizindikira kutayikira kwapakati pakati pa terminal yoyipa ya paketi ya batri ndi casing. Momwemonso, imatha kulumikizidwa pamndandanda pakati pa terminal yoyipa ndi casing kuti izindikire kutuluka kwaposachedwa pakati pa terminal yabwino ndi casing. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza-pamalo pofufuza zolakwika ndi kuyang'anira magalimoto nthawi zonse.
2. Njira Yodziwikiratu Panopa
A Hall effect current sensor ndi njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira kutayikira mu -voltage DC system. Mabasi amagetsi abwino ndi oipa a dongosolo la batri amadutsa pamodzi njira imodzi kupyolera mu sensa yamakono. Pamene palibe kutayikira pakali pano, pompopompo ikuyenda kuchokera ku terminal yabwino imakhala yofanana ndi yomwe ikubwerera ku terminal yoyipa. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zikudutsa pa sensa yamakono ndi zero, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yapano ndi zero. Pamene kutayikira kumachitika, mphamvu yamagetsi ya sensor yomwe ilipo pano si zero. Chizindikiro cha voteji ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsimikiziranso ngati kutayikira kwapano kumachokera ku terminal yabwino kapena yoyipa yamagetsi. Komabe, njira yoyesera iyi imafuna kuti batire paketi yoyesedwa igwire ntchito, ndikulowa ndikutuluka. Siingathe kuwunika momwe batire imagwirira ntchito kuti isagwe pansi-popanda kudzaza.
3. Njira Yoyezera Miyezo ya Insulation Resistance Meter
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mita yotchinga kuti muyeze kukana kwachitetezo. Miyero yodzitchinjiriza, yomwe imadziwika kuti megohmmeter, imayendetsedwa ndi dzanja-jenereta yokhotakhota, motero imatchedwanso megohmmeter. Mulingo wake umatengera kukana kutsekereza ndipo ndi chida choyezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wamagetsi. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8-29.
Chidacho chimagwira ntchito mosangalatsa chipangizocho kapena maukonde poyesedwa ndi voteji, kenako kuyeza zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha chisangalalo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Ohm kuyeza kukana. Meta yodzitetezera imakhala ndi magawo awiri: dzanja-jenereta yokhotakhota ndi mita ya magnetoelectric ratio. Pogwedeza chogwirira, dzanja-jenereta yokhotakhota imapanga AC high voltage, yomwe imakonzedwanso ndi diode kuti ipatse DC high voltage kuyeza. Maginetoelectric ratio mita ndiye amayesa chiŵerengero cha panopa mu koyilo voteji ndi koyilo panopa, ndi pointer chizindikiro chimasonyeza kukana.
Njira zitatu zomwe tafotokozazi zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera kutayikira kwaposachedwa komanso kuyesa kukana kutsekereza, komwe kumabweretsa zovuta zina pakuphatikizidwa mumayendedwe owongolera batire. Njira zoyezera mozungulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina owongolera mabatire. Mfundo yoyezera kayezedwe ka magetsi ka DC ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8-30.
Pachithunzichi, R₁, R₂, R₃, ndi R₄ ndizodziwikiratu-zokana kukana (monga 500kΩ kapena kupitilira apo), kuwonetsetsa kuti mulingo wa kutchinjiriza sikutsika poyezera. Rₙ ndi Rₚ ndizomwe zimakanira zotchingira zabwino komanso zoyipa za paketi ya batri yamagetsi kupita kugalimoto yamagalimoto, motsatana. R' ndi R" ndi ma voltage divider resistors okhala ndi mphamvu zazing'ono (monga, mozungulira 2000Ω), kulola A-D conversion chip kupeza mV-level masigino a analogi pa iwo.
Kusintha kwa S kukakhala kozimitsa, ma voliyumu kudutsa Rₙ ndi Rₚ atha kupezeka kudzera pa chipangizo choyezera, zomwe zimatsogolera ku equation yotsatirayi:
Munjirayi, V₁ ndi V₂ zimayimira ma voltages pansi pa mabasi abwino ndi oyipa pomwe switch S yatsegulidwa.
Momwemonso, switch S ikatsekedwa, equation ina ikhoza kupezeka:
Munjirayi, V'₁ ndi V'₂ amayimira ma voliyumu abwino komanso oyipa a mabasi otsika pomwe S yatsekedwa.
Popeza kuti zotsutsana za mndandanda wa resistors R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R, ndi R' zimadziwika, dongosolo la equation (8-5) ndi (8-6) lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa R₊ ndi R₋.
Njira zina zoyezera kukana kwa zotchingira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mabatire ndi monga njira ya mlatho yolinganiza bwino, -njira yojambulira ma siginolo pafupipafupi, ndi njira yothandizira magetsi. Pamene mphamvu ya mabatire amagetsi ikuchulukirachulukira ndipo ntchito zawo zikuchulukirachulukira, chitetezo chamagetsi pamagalimoto amagetsi chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ofufuza akupitilira kupanga ndikutsimikizira njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira.
Peak Power
SOP (State of Power) ndi mphamvu yayikulu yomwe batire ingatulutse kapena kuyamwa mkati mwa nthawi yodziwikiratu. Mphamvu yapamwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika malire a kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa kwa batire yamagetsi pansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zolipirira, kuchita gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kufananiza pakati pa batire yamphamvu ndi mphamvu yagalimoto, komanso kukulitsa ntchito yobwezeretsanso mabuleki agalimoto yamagetsi. Ilinso ndi phindu lazambiri komanso lothandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito mabatire moyenera, kupewa kuchulutsa kapena kupitilira-kuthamangitsa, kuwongolera chitetezo cha batri, komanso kufutukula moyo wa batri. Komabe, mphamvu yapamwamba ya batri imakhala ndi zoletsa zambiri zachitetezo; mphamvu yokhayo yomwe ili m'malire achitetezowa ili ndi tanthauzo lenileni. Gawoli likukambirana za batire zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya batri ndikuwunika ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa chitetezo cha batri ndi mphamvu yayikulu.
1. Kutentha-Kutengera Zoletsa
Ma conductivity a electrolyte ndi ntchito ya anode ndi cathode zipangizo amasintha ndi kutentha, motero zimakhudza malire chapamwamba cha batire mlandu ndi kutulutsa mphamvu. Mlingo wa ma elekitirodi amachepetsa pamene kutentha kumachepa. Kutentha kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa ma ion ndi ma electron mu electrolyte. Mitengoyi imawonjezeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso mosiyana. Komanso, ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kupitirira malire a kutentha kwapadera, mlingo wa mankhwala mkati mwa batri udzasokonezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo cha batri.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 8-31, mphamvu yaikulu ya batire imasintha ndi kutentha, kusonyeza mokhotakhota momveka bwino. Mphamvu yapamwamba imachepa pamene kutentha kumachepa, kusintha pang'onopang'ono pa kutentha kochepa. Mphamvu yapamwamba imawonjezeka pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, koma kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kovuta, zomwe zimasokoneza chitetezo cha batri ndi moyo wautali.
2. State of Charge (SOC)-Based Constraints
SOC constraint pa SOP (Start of Operation) yapangidwa kuti iteteze kuchulutsa komanso kupitilira-kutulutsa batire lamagetsi panthawi yogwira ntchito, kuwonetsetsa kuti batire ili yotetezeka. Pophunzira za ubale pakati pa mphamvu zapamwamba ndi SOC, chikoka cha zinthu monga kutentha ndi mtengo / kutulutsa mlingo pa SOC ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti ziwongolere kulondola kwa kuyeza kwa SOC. Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 8-32, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa State of Charge (SOC), mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imawonjezeka pamene mphamvu yolipiritsa ikuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa mtundu womwewo wa SOC, pamene SOC ikukwera kuchokera ku 10% mpaka 90%, mphamvu yotulutsa nsonga imawonjezeka kuchokera ku 222W kufika ku 693W, pamene mphamvu yowonjezera imatsika kuchokera ku 675W kufika ku 300W. Kuwerenga mphamvu yapamwamba pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya SOC kumatha kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa batire ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, kupereka deta ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamagalimoto amagetsi.
3. Zoletsa zochokera ku Ohmic Resistance
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 8-33, mphamvu yapamwamba ya batri imakhala yofanana mosiyana ndi kukana kwake kwa mkati mwa ohmic. Zing'onozing'ono za kukana kwa ohmic mkati, kukulirakulira ndi kufulumira nsonga yamagetsi; Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukana kwakukulu kwa ohmic mkati, kumakhala kochepa komanso kochepetsetsa mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu.
Kutentha kwa batri, state of charge (SOC), ndi kukana kwamkati zonse zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitetezo chake. Chifukwa chake, momwe batire imagwirira ntchito (SOP) iyenera kukwaniritsa zopinga zomwe zimayikidwa ndi zinthu zitatuzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito motetezeka ndikutalikitsa moyo wake.
