Momwe mungayerekezere momwe mungalipire?
Kuyerekeza kwa SOC
State of charge (SOC) ya batire ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka batire. Chifukwa SOC imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa charger/kutulutsa (panopa), kutentha, -kudziyimitsa, ndi ukalamba, mabatire amawonetsa kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyerekezera kolondola kwa SOC kukhala kovuta.
Njira zowerengera za SOC
Ambiri ntchitoNjira zowerengera za SOCzikuphatikizapo njira yoyesera ya discharge, njira ya ampere-hour integration, open-njira ya voteji yozungulira, njira ya voltage load, internal resistance, neural network method, ndi njira yosefera ya Kalman.
1) Njira yoyesera yotulutsa. Njira yoyesera kutulutsa ndiyo njira yodalirika yowerengera ya SOC. Amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti azitulutsa mosalekeza, ndipo zomwe zimatuluka pakalipano ndi nthawi ndizo ndalama zotsalira. Njira yoyesera kutulutsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'ma laboratories ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mabatire onse, koma ili ndi zovuta ziwiri zazikulu: choyamba, zimafuna nthawi yochuluka; kachiwiri, ntchito ya batire iyenera kusokonezedwa. Njira yoyesera yotulutsa si yoyenera magalimoto amagetsi omwe akuyenda, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza mabatire a galimoto yamagetsi.
2)Njira yolumikizira ya Ampere-ola. Njira yophatikizira ya ampere-ola ndiyo njira yoyerekeza ya SOC yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Komabe, njirayi ili ndi mavuto otsatirawa: yolakwikamuyeso wamakonokumabweretsa kusokonekera kwa ma SOC, ndipo zolakwika zimawunjikana pakapita nthawi ndikukhala zazikulu; kulipiritsa-kuthekera kwa batri kuyenera kuganiziridwa; zolakwika zimakulirakulira-kutentha kwambiri kapena batire ikasinthasintha kwambiri. Muyezo wamakono wolakwika ungathe kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito masensa apamwamba-akugwira ntchito panopa, koma mtengo wake umakwera; Kuthetsa mtengo{4}}kutulutsa moyenera kumafuna kudziwa zambiri zoyeserera ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyeserera zolipirira-kutulutsa mwachangu. Njira yophatikizira ya ampere-ola ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamabatire onse agalimoto yamagetsi. Ngati muyeso wamakono uli wolondola ndipo pali deta yokwanira ya chikhalidwe choyambirira choyezera, ikhoza kukhala njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika yowerengera SOC.
3)Tsegulani-njira yamagetsi yozungulira. Mphamvu yotsegula-yozungulira ya batire kumapeto kwa kutulutsa imakhala pafupi ndi mphamvu ya batire ya electromotive. Mphamvu ya electromotive ya cobalt-batri ya asidi ndi ntchito ya electrolyte concentration, yomwe imachepa mofanana ndi kutulutsa kwa batri, kotero kuti mphamvu yotsegula-yozungulira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekezera SOC. Mzere wa mabatire otseguka-ndi ma voltage ozungulira ndi SOC a mabatire a MH/Ni ndi mabatire a lifiyamu-ndiwovuta ngati mabatire a cobalt{{10}asidi, koma mgwirizano wawo ungagwiritsidwebe ntchito kuyerekezera SOC, makamaka ndi zotsatira zabwino kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa kuchajisa. Vuto lalikulu la njira yotsegula{12}}ndikuti batire imafunika kupuma kwa nthawi yaitali kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale yosasunthika, ndipo zimatenga maola angapo kapena kupitirira maola khumi kuti batire iyambenso kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina; kudziwa kuti mupumule nthawi yayitali bwanji ndi vuto, kotero njira iyi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito yokha ndiyoyenera magalimoto amagetsi pamalo oyimitsidwa. Njira yotsegula-yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala ndi kuyerekezera kwa SOC koyambirira ndi kumapeto kwa kuchaji ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira yophatikiza ya ampere{15}}ola.
4) Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi. Ikangotulutsa pompopompo, mphamvu yamagetsi imasintha mwachangu kuchoka ku-circuit voltage state mpaka pomwe pali mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya batire ikapitilirabe, mawonekedwe a voltage yamphamvu ndi SOC amakhala ofanana ndi a open-voltage yozungulira ndi SOC. Ubwino wa njira yamagetsi yamagetsi ndikuti imatha kuyerekezera SOC ya paketi ya batri mu nthawi yeniyeni ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino nthawi zonse-kutulutsa. M'malo ogwiritsira ntchito, mphamvu ya batri ya dalaivala imabweretsa zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuti athetse vutoli, mtundu wa masamu wa data yamagetsi a batri, voliyumu yodziyimira payokha, ndi SOC ndiyofunikira; chifukwa chake, njira yamagetsi yamagetsi sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamagalimoto enieni koma nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa batri-kutulutsa kwamagetsi.
5) Njira Yotsutsa M'kati. Kukana kwa batri kwamkati kumagawidwa kukhala kukana kwamkati kwa AC ndi kukana kwamkati kwa DC, zonse zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi SOC (State of Charge). Battery AC impedance ndi ntchito yosinthira pakati pa voteji ya batri ndi yapano, mtundu wovuta womwe umayimira kukana kwa batire ku AC pano, ndipo amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mita ya AC impedance. Battery AC impedance imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha; ngati kuyiyeza pamalo otseguka-batire ikakhazikika kapena panthawi yochajitsa ndi kukhetsa zimakhala zotsutsana ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'magalimoto enieni. Kukana kwamkati kwa DC kumayimira kukana kwa batire ku DC yapano, yofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha kusintha kwa voteji ya batri ndikusintha kwapano pakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. Muyezo weni weni, batire imachajitsidwa kapena kutulutsidwa nthawi zonse kuyambira pomwe ili-lotseguka; kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magetsi otsegula-panthawi yomweyo, zogawanika ndi mtengo wapano, ndi mphamvu yamkati ya DC. Pamabatire a lead{{10}acid, mphamvu ya mkati ya DC imawonjezeka kwambiri pakatha kukhetsedwa ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekezera batire la SOC; kusiyanasiyana kwa DC internal resistance kwa mabatire a MH/Ni ndi mabatire a lifiyamu-amasiyana ndi mabatire a lead-acid ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kukula kwa kukana kwamkati kwa DC kumakhudzidwa ndi nthawi yowerengera. Ngati nthawiyo ndi yayifupi kuposa 10ms, kukana kwamkati kwa ohmic kokha kungadziwike; ngati nthawi yayitali, kukana kwamkati kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kuyeza molondola kukana kwa mkati mwa selo limodzi kumakhala kovuta, komwe ndizovuta kwa DC njira yotsutsa mkati. The internal resistance method ndi yoyenera kuyerekezera mmene batire ilili (SOC) pakatha kukhetsedwa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi njira ya ampere{18}}hour integration.
6) Njira ya Neural network. Batire ndi njira yosagwirizana kwambiri, ndipo ndizovuta kukhazikitsa masamu olondola pamakiyidwe ake-kutulutsa. Ma Neural network ali ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana, mawonekedwe ofanana, komanso kuthekera kophunzirira. Atha kutulutsa zotulutsa zofananira pazosangalatsa zakunja motero kutengera mawonekedwe amphamvu a batri kuti ayerekeze SOC. Ma 3-layer neural network nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekezera batire SOC: kuchuluka kwa ma neuron muzolowera ndi kutulutsa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zovuta zomwe zimafunikira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofananira; kuchuluka kwa ma neuron mu gawo lobisika kumadalira zovuta za vuto komanso kusanthula koyenera. Zosintha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyerekezera batire ya SOC ndi ma voliyumu, apano, kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa, kutentha, kukana kwamkati, ndi kutentha kozungulira. Kaya kusankha kwa neural network input variables kuli koyenera komanso ngati chiwerengero cha zosinthika chiri choyenera zimakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa chitsanzo ndi katundu wowerengera. Njira ya neural network imagwira ntchito pamabatire osiyanasiyana, koma choyipa chake ndikuti chimafuna kuchuluka kwazinthu zowunikira pakuphunzitsidwa, ndipo cholakwika choyerekeza chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi data yophunzitsira ndi njira yophunzitsira.
7) Njira yosefera ya Kalman. Lingaliro lalikulu la chiphunzitso cha fyuluta ya Kalman ndikupanga kuyerekezera koyenera kwa kachitidwe kosinthika mwanjira yosiyana pang'ono. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyerekeza kwa SOC ya batri, batire imawonedwa ngati dongosolo lamphamvu ndipo SOC ndi amodzi mwa mayiko ake amkati. Kafukufuku wa njira ya Kalman yoyezera batire SOC wayamba m'zaka zaposachedwa. Njirayi ndi yoyenera mabatire osiyanasiyana ndipo, poyerekeza ndi njira zina, ndiyoyenera kwambiri kuyerekeza kwa SOC kwa mapaketi amagetsi agalimoto yamagetsi okhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwapano. Sizimangopereka kuyerekezera kwa SOC komanso kumapereka cholakwika cha SOC. Komabe, kuipa kwa njirayi ndikuti ma aligorivimu ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunikira luso lambiri ladongosolo, kotero silinalowebe gawo lothandizira.
Kupyolera mu-kafukufuku wozama wa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera ma SOC, njira ya ampere-yophatikiza maola idasankhidwa poyambilira ngati maziko ake. Poyeza molondola mphamvu ya batire, kuphatikizira-njira ya voteji yozungulira ndi kuganizira zinthu monga mphamvu ya batire-kutulutsa mphamvu kwa batire, kutentha, kukalamba, ndi kudzithira-kutulutsa, kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa batire yamagetsi a magalimoto amagetsi osapumira. Pamagalimoto amagetsi amtundu uliwonse, batire paketi imagwira ntchito mokwanira-ndikutha -kutuluka, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatchajika{{9}pakali pano. Kulipiritsa kukamalizidwa, pali malo okhazikika otsimikizira mtengo (pamene kulipiritsa kumalizidwa, SOC ndi 100% kapena mochulukira pang'ono). Ngati batire yachaji bwino-paketi yotulutsa batire ili yokwera kwambiri (kupitirira 95%), mphamvu ya -yotulutsa imatha kuonedwa ngati 1 kapena kufanana ndi mtengo wake wosasinthasintha. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuwerengera SOC kumatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Zolakwika zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pa mtengo uliwonse{19}}zimene zimachotsedwa zimathetsedwa pamene kulipiritsa kwinanso kukamalizidwa pamodzi ndi kuwerengetsanso mtengo woyambirira wa SOC.
Poyesera-kuyezera molondola mphamvu ya batire, yamakono, ndi mfundo za kutentha pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zoyerekeza za SOC zikulondola; pokhazikitsa chitsanzo cha batri chogwira mtima pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamalingaliro ndi kuyika deta yoyesera; pokonza SOC kumapeto kwa chiwongolero ndi kutulutsa kuti athetse zolakwika zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa za SOC; komanso poganizira za kuchuluka kwa batire-zifukwa zotulutsa mphamvu, kutentha, kukalamba, komanso{2}}zotulukapo zake, -kuyerekeza kolondola kwadongosolo la SOC kumatheka. Nthawi ya batri{{5}ya-ya kuyerekeza mtengo wa batire ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 17-12.
(1) Njira yowerengera mtengo wa SOCMtengo woyambirira wa SOC umapezeka pochulukitsa SOC yosungidwa pamagetsi-yozimitsa ndi SOC yotengedwa kuchokera ku kutentha-OCV-Table yoyang'ana ya SOC potengera nthawi yogwirizana ndi nthawi yapaintaneti. Mtengo woyambirira wa SOC uyenera kuwerengedwa nthawi iliyonse pomwe makina ayamba.
(2) Kuwerengera mtengo wamtundu wa SOC wamtundu uliwonse ndikuwongolera mtengo wamtundu wa SOC kutengera mtengo wa SOHMphamvu ya batri imapezeka poyang'ana pa tebulo pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi kuyitanitsa panopa, ndipo mphamvu ya batri imakonzedwa mwa kuyang'ana pa tebulo pogwiritsa ntchito SOH. Yapanoyo imaphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ampere-ola kenako ndikugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa SOC. Mtengo wosinthira wa SOC umawonjezedwa pamtengo woyambira kuti mupeze mtengo wamtundu wa SOC.
(3) Kuwerengera batire paketi SOCNgati dongosololi liyatsidwanso, mtengo woyamba wa SOC umatengedwa ngati paketi ya batri SOC; ngati ili m'malo otulutsa, paketi ya batri ya SOC imawerengera mtengo wocheperako pakati pa ma SOC amtundu uliwonse; ngati kulipiritsa komanso kulipiritsa sikunathe, paketi ya batri ya SOC imawerenga gawo lalikulu la SOC; ngati kulipiritsa ndi kulipiritsa kwatha, paketi ya batri ya SOC yakhazikitsidwa ku 1.
(4)Maselo amunthu payekhapayekha njira yokonza SOC kumapeto kwa kulipiritsa/kutulutsaNgati dongosololi liri mumkhalidwe wolipiritsa ndipo batire paketi SOC ndi yaikulu kuposa 0.8, dongosolo limatanthauzidwa kuti lili kumapeto kwa kulipiritsa; ngati makinawo ali mumkhalidwe wotulutsa ndipo batire paketi SOC ndi yochepera 0.3, dongosolo limatanthauzidwa kuti lili kumapeto kwa kutulutsa. Ngati dongosolo lili kumapeto kwa kulipiritsa/kutulutsa, SOC iyenera kukonzedwa. Njira yowerengera ya SOC kumapeto kwa kulipiritsa/kutulutsa ndikupeza mtengo wa SOC poyang'ana patebulo pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kulipiritsa / kutulutsa kwamagetsi, ndi magetsi.
