AGV BatteryMaupangiri Osankhira: Magetsi, Mphamvu & Zofunikira Zolipiritsa
M'zaka zitatu zapitazi, taona mapulojekiti ambiri a AGV akusintha kusankha batire molakwika kuposa kulondola. Osati chifukwa makasitomala alibe chidziwitso chaukadaulo, koma chifukwa ma sheet omwe amapereka amakhala opanda ntchito popanga zisankho zenizeni. Mabatire awiri onse olembedwa kuti 48V 100Ah, imodzi imawononga kuwirikiza katatu kuposa inzake. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Ndi zomwe bukhuli likunena.
Kusankhidwa kwa Voltage
Wogulitsa wanu wa AGV akuti galimotoyo ikufunika 48V, kotero mumapita kukagula mabatire a 48V. Zikuwoneka zowongoka. Si.
Basic physics choyamba.
Mphamvu ikufanana ndi nthawi yamagetsi. Kutulutsa 5000W, dongosolo la 48V limakoka 104A, dongosolo la 36V limakoka 139A, dongosolo la 24V limakoka 208A. Kukwera kwapano kumatanthauza zingwe zokhuthala, kuvala kolumikizana kapena kufulumira, kutentha kochulukirapo pazolumikizira. Kugwiritsa ntchito 24V komwe mungagwiritse ntchito 48V ndikufunsa zovuta mumsewu.
Koma ntchito zenizeni sizili zophweka. Tidapanga projekiti yosungirako kuzizira chaka chatha, poyambilira 48V LFP. Pakuyesa, kukana kwamkati kumachulukira m'nyengo yozizira, chitetezo cholipira chinkapitilirabe. Kusintha kwa 36V. Zopanda bwino pamapepala, koma zodalirika. M'malo afiriji, kudalirika kumapambana bwino nthawi zonse.
Malamulo anga osankha ma voltage:
24V
24V imagwira ntchito yolemetsa ya 500kg, pansi pa 2kW mphamvu yamagetsi, bajeti zolimba. Kunena zoona, sitimalimbikitsanso 24V pokhapokha ngati makasitomala akupempha.
48V
48V imakwirira ma AGV ambiri osungira. Imanyamula katundu wa matani 1 mpaka 2.5, zopangira zolipiritsa zokhwima, kusankha kwaogulitsa kwambiri. Chisankho chosasinthika ngati palibe chapadera chikuchitika.
72V+
72V ndi 80V yama forklift olemera, zida zamadoko, zonyamula panja. Samsung SDI inamanga kachitidwe ka 94V kwa ma forklift amagetsi a matani 10 omwe akuti amagwirizana ndi dizilo (zochokera patsamba lawo, sindinadziyese ndekha, koma mbiri ya Samsung pamalo ano ndiyolimba).
Kuthekera: Aliyense Amadziwa Fomula, Palibe Amene Akudziwa Komwe Angapeze Zolowetsa
The Formula
Mphamvu (Ah)=Mphamvu (W) × Nthawi yothamanga (maola) ÷ Mphamvu yamagetsi (V) ÷ Kuchita bwino
Kuchita bwino: 0.95 kwa lithiamu, 0,85 kwa asidi wotsogolera.
Vuto ndi nambala ya "mphamvu". Ogulitsa a AGV amakupatsani "mikhalidwe yofananira" kutanthauza malo apansi, katundu wamba, osayamba pafupipafupi komanso kuyimitsidwa. Malo osungiramo zinthu enieni ali ndi zitunda, zodzaza, maola apamwamba ndikugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Mphamvu zenizeni zojambulira zimatha kuthamanga 50% kuposa manambala amtundu wina.
Zomwe timachita: funsani wogulitsa AGV manambala atatu. Mphamvu zapamadzi zotsitsidwa, mphamvu zokwera, mphamvu zokwera pamwamba. Kenako yerekezerani kulemera kwapakati potengera njira zenizeni za kasitomala. Ngati wogulitsa angopereka nambala imodzi yosadziwika bwino ya "average power", ndimachulukitsa ndi 1.3 ndisanawerengere.
Kuti mumve zambiri, JD Logistics idasindikiza zambiri panyumba zawo zanzeru zaku Asia No.1. Ma Dilang AGV awo amanyamula 500kg, amayendetsa maola 6 mpaka 9 atapakidwa pama cell omwe atumizidwa kunja, amathandizira 50A kulipira mwachangu komwe kumatha mphindi 30 (gwero: zolemba zaukadaulo za JD Logistics). Pa 48V, 50A kulipiritsa kumatanthauza mphamvu ya batri penapake pakati pa 40Ah ndi 60Ah. Izi ndizomveka kwa wonyamula 500kg. Ngati galimoto yanu ikunyamula zambiri kapena ikuyenda maulendo ataliatali, onjezerani kuchuluka kwake moyenerera.
Chemistry: LFP, NMC, LTO Aliyense Ali Ndi Malo Ake
Ma chemistry atatu a lithiamu amalamulira msika wa AGV. Nayi malingaliro anga:
LFP (lithiamu iron phosphate)
Kusankha koyenera kwa 90% yama projekiti. Moyo wautali wozungulira, mbiri yabwino yachitetezo, ndalama zatsika kwambiri. CATL ndi BYD amapanga maselo odalirika a LFP okhala ndi maunyolo okhwima okhwima. Pokhapokha mutakhala ndi chifukwa chosankha chinthu china, osasintha ku LFP.
NMC (nickel manganese cobalt)
Kuchulukirachulukira kwamphamvu kuposa LFP, koma moyo wamfupi wozungulira komanso chiwopsezo chambiri chothawa. Ganizirani za NMC pokhapokha ngati batire yanu ya AGV ili yaying'ono kwambiri kuti isagwirizane ndi voliyumu ya LFP yomwe mukufuna. Inemwini sindimakonda NMC m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Ngati kuthawa kwamafuta kukuchitika, mumataya ndalama zonse zosungiramo katundu, osati AGV yokha.
LTO (lithium titanate)
Mlandu wapadera. Kachulukidwe wa mphamvu ndi theka la LFP (otsika kwenikweni), koma liwiro lachangiso ndilonyanyira (5C palibe vuto, chiwongolero chonse pakadutsa mphindi 12), moyo wozungulira umakhala wovuta kwambiri (15000+ mayendedwe), kuzizira kumakhala kopitilira muyeso (kumagwira ntchito paminus 30 digiri ). Mtengo ulinso wonyada. Zochitika ziwiri zomwe LTO imamveka bwino: kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa 24/7 yokhala ndi mazenera othawira mphindi 10 mpaka 15 okha, kapena malo ozizira okhala ndi{11}}ziro kutentha kwambiri. Ngati pulojekiti yanu ikugwirizana ndi zochitika zilizonse, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa LTO uyenera.
| Mtundu | Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu | Zozungulira | Zofotokozera |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFP | 90 mpaka 160 Wh / kg | 2000 mpaka 5000 | Imagwira 1C kulipiritsa bwino, imagwira ntchito mpaka madigiri 20, mtengo wocheperako. |
| NMC | 150 mpaka 220 Wh / kg | 1000 mpaka 2000 | Samalani pamwamba pa 1C kulipiritsa, pafupifupi magwiridwe antchito ozizira, mtengo wokwera. |
| LTO | 50 mpaka 80 Wh / kg | 15000 mpaka 20000 | Imagwira 5C kulipiritsa, imagwira ntchito paminus 30 digiri, mtengo wokwera kwambiri. |
Chemistry Yofanana ya LFP, Mphamvu Zosiyana: Momwe Mungasankhire
Anthu amafunsa izi kwambiri. Otsatsa ambiri samafotokoza bwino chifukwa akufuna kuti mugule zazikulu (zapamwamba).
Kodi chachikulu nthawi zonse chimakhala bwino? Ayi.
Mavuto aakulu a luso
Choyamba, kulemera.Phukusi la 100Ah LFP limalemera pafupifupi 45kg, 200Ah limalemera 85kg. Ma 40kg owonjezerawa amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolipirira kapena kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu paulendo uliwonse.
Chachiwiri, kulipiritsa nthawi.Pa 0.5C, 100Ah imatenga maola awiri, 200Ah imatenga maola 4.
Chachitatu,ngati kusintha kulikonse kumangogwiritsa ntchito 30% ya mphamvu ya batri, 70% ya maselo amenewo amakhala pamtengo wapamwamba tsiku lililonse, kufulumizitsa ukalamba wa kalendala.
Zovuta zazing'ono zamaluso
Mavuto ang'onoang'ono ndi odziwikiratu: kuthamanga kwanthawi kochepa, kuopsa kwa magalimoto kufa mkati-panthawi yolipirira ikatsika.
Mfundo yanga yakukula
Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe galimoto imawononga pakati pa mwayi wolipira, ndiye sankhani mphamvu kuti mugwiritse ntchito 60% mpaka 70% ya paketi iliyonse. Osazama mokwanira kukakamiza ma cell, osazama mokwanira kuti awononge ndalama pazosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chitsanzo: AGV imatha kulipira maola 4 aliwonse, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi 800W. Maola anayi pa 800W ndi 3200Wh. Pa 48V ndiye 67Ah. Phukusi la 100Ah limatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito 67% pa kuzungulira. Ndiwo malo okoma. Phukusi la 150Ah limangogwiritsa ntchito 45% pozungulira, kuwononga ndalama pama cell omwe sapeza ndalama.
DOD ndi Moyo Wozungulira: Kudziwa Izi Kudzakupulumutsirani Ndalama
DOD amatanthauza Kuzama kwa Kutulutsa. Zotsatira zake pa moyo wa batri ndizokulirapo kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira.
Battery University (batteryuniversity.com) yosindikiza zoyeserera nditchula mwachindunji:
Maselo a LFP ozungulira pa 100% DOD amafika 80% mphamvu mozungulira 600. Maselo omwewo amayendetsa pa 40% DOD amatha kuzungulira 3000. Batire lomwelo, kupalasa njinga mozama kumapereka mphamvu zochulukirapo kangapo pa moyo wake wonse kuposa kupalasa njinga mozama.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni? Ndibwino kugula zokulirapo pang'ono ndikungogwiritsa theka lake kuposa kugula zomwe mukufuna ndikuzikhetsa nthawi iliyonse. Njira yachiwiri imawoneka yotchipa kutsogolo koma mumalowetsa mabatire pafupipafupi.
Kusintha kwathu kokhazikika pano: SOC pansi pa 20% mpaka 25%, denga pa 80% mpaka 85%, magalimoto amagwira ntchito mkati mwa zenera ili. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kulipiritsa mwayi, moyo wa batri umakulirakulira kuwirikiza katatu kuyerekeza ndi kukwera kwathunthu / kutulutsa.
Lingaliro limodzi lolakwika
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mabatire a lithiamu amafunika kutulutsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti "ayese." Ndiko kuganiza kwa nickel cadmium, kolakwika kwathunthu kwa lithiamu. Kutaya kwakuya kumawononga ma elekitirodi. BMS yamakono imagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kwa coulomb pakuyerekeza kwa SOC, sikufuna mizunguliro yopanda kanthu kuti iwunikire.
Njira yolipirira: Kulipiritsa Mwayi kapena Kusinthana kwa Battery
Njira ziwirizi zili ndi malo ake. Ngakhalenso mwachibadwa si "pamwamba kwambiri."
Kulipira mwayi
Imagwira ntchito pamene AGV ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa 75%. Kulipiritsa magalimoto podikirira ntchito, kukhala pamzere, kutsitsa / kutsitsa. Gawo lililonse limatenga mphindi 15 mpaka 30. Zimawonjezera nthawi yokwanira yothamanga tsiku lonse. Palibe kulowererapo kwa munthu komwe kunafunikira. Ndi LFP yothandizira 1C kulipiritsa, mphindi 15 zimawonjezera pafupifupi 25% mphamvu, zokwanira ola lina kapena awiri opareshoni.
Kusintha kwa batri
Imagwira ntchito ikapitilira 95% ndipo magalimoto sangathe kuyima. Galimoto imalowa m'malo osinthira, batire idasinthidwa pakadutsa mphindi 2 mpaka 5, nthawi yomweyo kubwerera kuntchito. Kusinthanitsa{{5}kuchotsedwa: galimoto iliyonse imafunika mabatire 2 mpaka 3, zida zosinthira, oyendetsa kuti azisinthana.
Mlandu wa DHL ndiwofunika kudziwa. Malo awo ogawa padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito maloboti ogwirizana a Locus Robotic okhala ndi mwayi wolipira. Kusankha bwino kunasintha 50% mpaka 70%, kuvulala kuntchito kudatsika ndi 15% (gwero: tsamba la DHL ndi Logistics Viewpoints). Zopindulitsa izi sizimachokera ku maloboti okha. Kulipiritsa mwayi kumathandizira kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yopanda munthu kwa maola 24. Kuchepetsa mtengo wa ntchito ndi kwakukulu.
Zoopsa Zachilengedwe Zozizira
Ngati malo anu osungiramo zinthu ali ndi firiji kapena malo oziziritsa, kusankha batire kumafuna chisamaliro chowonjezereka.
Mabatire a lithiamu ali ndi mavuto awiri pozizira. Choyamba, mphamvu imatsika: pa digirii 10, LFP imasunga mwina 85% mphamvu; pa minus 20 digiri mwina 70%. Chachiwiri, kuletsa zoletsa: kulipiritsa lithiamu pansi pa kuzizira kumayambitsa lithiamu plating pa anode. Ndiko kuwonongeka kosatha komanso ngozi yachitetezo. Ambiri a BMS amakana ndalama zomwe zilipo panopa pamene kutentha kwa selo kumatsika pansi pa 0 digiri.
Njira zothetsera vutoli: mwina khazikitsani zolipiritsa kunja kwa malo ozizira (magalimoto otuluka kuti adzalipire, kubwerera akamaliza), kapena gwiritsani ntchito makina a batri okhala ndi kutentha koyambirira (ma cell ofunda pamwamba pa kuzizira musanalandire chaji).
Ngati ma AGV anu akugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali pansi pa digirii 25, LFP yokhazikika mwina siidula. Ganizirani za LTO kapena mabatire apadera ozizira. Maselo a SVOLT a LMFP amati amagwira ntchito paminus 30 digiri. Iwo amanga malo abwino mu ozizira unyolo Logistics. Zoyenera kufufuzidwa pazogwiritsa ntchito mufiriji.
Kuthamanga Nambala
Zithunzi za konkriti. 48V AGV imodzi,-ntchito yosinthira kawiri (maola 16 tsiku lililonse),-zaka zisanu.
Njira ya asidi ya lead
Mabatire (2 pozungulira): $4,000
Zokwanira: $1,500
Magetsi apachaka (zaka 5): $9,000
Kukonza kwapachaka (zaka 5): $3,000
Kusintha (Chaka 3): $4,000
Kutayika kwanthawi yopuma (zaka 5): $ 12,000
Zaka-zisanu:zonse $33,500
Njira ya LFP
Batri (imodzi yokha): $12,000
Chaja mwachangu: $3,500
Magetsi apachaka (zaka 5): $5,750
Kukonza: $0
Kusintha: $0
Kutayika kwanthawi yopuma (zaka 5): $ 2,000
Zaka-zisanu:zonse $23,250
Kusungidwa: $10,250, pafupifupi 31%
Izi sizimawerengera mtengo wotaya asidi kapena mtengo wotsalira wa lithiamu pakatha zaka zisanu.
Kodi lithiamu sichimveka liti? Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi (osachepera maola 8 tsiku lililonse), kugwiritsidwa ntchito kochepa. Mtengo wotsikirapo wa asidi wa lead umatenga zaka 7 mpaka 8 kuti ugonjetse. Ngati projekiti yanu ili pafupi zaka 3 mpaka 5 ndipo mumangoyendetsa nthawi imodzi, asidi wotsogolera akhoza kukhala bwino.
BMS: Kuposa Madera Otetezedwa
Anthu ambiri amawona BMS ngati mabwalo oteteza. Dulani batire ikakuchulukirachulukira,{1}}ikutha,{2}}panopa,{3}}kutentha kwambiri. Ntchito yatheka. BMS yamakono imachita zambiri.
Kuyerekeza kwa SOC
BMS yabwino imakwaniritsa zolondola mkati mwa kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera 1% mpaka 3% (Infineon's technical docs amati kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera 1% pazoyankha zawo). N’chifukwa chiyani kulondola kuli kofunika? Makina anu otumizira amatha kukupatsirani ntchito potengera mtengo womwe watsala wagalimoto iliyonse. Magalimoto okwera kwambiri-amapeza ntchito zazitali-zamtunda, magalimoto otsika{7}otsika amathamanga pang'ono kapena amathamangira. Ngati kulakwitsa kwa SOC ndi 10%, kukhathamiritsa uku kumakhala kosatheka.
Kuwunika kwa SOH
Kutsata kwa State of Health. BMS yabwino imatsata ma curve akuwonongeka kwa batire iliyonse, imachenjeza miyezi yamtsogolo pomwe paketi ikulephera. Kulibwino kuposa kudikirira galimoto yakufa ndikuthana ndi nthawi yadzidzidzi.
Kuwongolera kutentha
Kuwunika nthawi yeniyeni-pamalo angapo mu paketi. Mawanga otentha koyambirira, amachepetsa mphamvu mavuto asanachuluke.
Kulankhulana mawonekedwe
CAN basi kapena RS485 yolumikizana ndi kasamalidwe kanu kosungira. Amalola WMS kuwona momwe batire ilili pagalimoto iliyonse.
Osatsika mtengo pa BMS. Tawona makasitomala akusunga madola mazana angapo pamagawo a bajeti a BMS, kenako tikupeza zolakwika zakuyerekeza kwa SOC zazikulu kwambiri kuti makina otumizira sangagwiritse ntchito deta. Mwinanso alibe mawonekedwe.
Zitsimikizo: Osati Mapepala Okha
Satifiketi ziwiri ndizofunikira kwambiri: UN38.3 ndi IEC 62619.
UN38.3
Imakwirira chitetezo chamayendedwe. Kuyesa kayeseleledwe katali, kukwera njinga kutentha, kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, kuzungulira pang'ono, kuchulukitsitsa, kutulutsa mokakamiza. Chofunikira pamalire aliwonse a lithiamu batire. Ayi UN38.3, makampani opanga zinthu sangakhudze.
IEC 62619
Imakwirira chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito batire ya lithiamu. Zinthu zoyesa zimadutsana ndi UN38.3 koma zimayang'ana kwambiri zochitika zogwirira ntchito: kulowa msomali, kuyesa kugwa, kutsimikizira ntchito ya BMS. IEC 62619 imapanga maziko aukadaulo pakuyika chizindikiro cha CE ku Europe, satifiketi ya AS/NZS ku Australia, kuvomerezedwa ndi PSE ku Japan.
Mfundo yofunika: ziphaso zimagwira ntchito kumitundu ina yazinthu, osati kwa opanga. Opanga ena amatsimikizira mtundu umodzi kenako amamenya satifiketi pa chilichonse chomwe amagulitsa. Mukamagula, tsimikizirani kuti nambala yachitsanzo ikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukugula. Zikalata zosagwirizana ndizopanda phindu.
Zolemba Zopereka
Zina zomwe takumana nazo:
Pakati pa ogulitsa aku China, BYD ili ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika wamabatire a lithiamu a forklift, akuti pafupifupi 60% ku China. Mabatire awo a blade amabwera ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka 10. CATL ndi Hangcha anapanga JV yotchedwa Pengcheng New Energy makamaka ya mabatire a forklift ndi AGV. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kale magalimoto a Hangcha, njirayo ikhoza kukhala yosalala.
Pakati pa ogulitsa akumadzulo, mndandanda wa EnerSys NexSys ndiwolimba. Makina awo a NexSys AIR opanda zingwe amathandizira lead acid, TPPL, ndi lithiamu pamapangidwe omwewo. Ndizothandiza ngati zombo zanu zikusintha kuchoka ku lead kupita ku lithiamu ndipo mukufuna kuteteza ndalama zanu zolipirira.
Mafunso oti mufunse poyesa ogulitsa:
Ndi opanga ma cell ati, giredi (A-grade or B-grade) yanji? Kodi angapereke zidziwitso zoyeserera za moyo wapaketi, osati ma cell opanda kanthu? Kodi chivundikiro cha chitsimikizo chimatha kapena kulephera kwathunthu? Kodi amayendetsa bwanji zonena za chitsimikizo (mabatire otumizira padziko lonse lapansi ndi okwera mtengo komanso ochedwa)?
Malingaliro Omaliza
Kusankha batri sikufuna kugula nthawi imodzi-. Zomwe mumasankha lero zimatsimikizira ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zovuta zokonzekera zaka 5 mpaka 10 zikubwerazi. Osangoyang'ana mtengo wogula woyamba. Werengetsani-zaka zisanu TCO musanasankhe.
Ngati muli ndi pulojekiti inayake ndipo mukufunika kutsimikizira batire yanu, tumizani motengera momwe batire ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa bajeti, zofunika zapadera (zosungirako zoziziritsa, zoziziritsa kukhosi, -zotsimikizira kuphulika, miyeso yachilendo). Tapondapo ena mwa mabomba okwirirawa ndipo titha kukuthandizani kuwapewa.
