Kodi USB Power Delivery ndi chiyani?

USB Power Delivery (USB PD) ndi njira yolipirira yomwe imakambirana kusamutsa mphamvu pakati pa zida kudzera pa chingwe cha USB, kutulutsa kuchokera ku 5 watts mpaka 240 watts. Mosiyana ndi madoko a USB omwe ali ndi ma volts 5, USB PD imasintha mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa 5V ndi 48V, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chilichonse, kuyambira ma foni a m'manja mpaka -pama laputopu amphamvu kuti azilipiritsa kudzera pa chingwe chamtundu umodzi.

Zamatsenga kumbuyo kwa USB PD zimachitika m'magawo awiri osiyana omwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri samawona.

Mukalumikiza chipangizo mu charger ya USB PD, Configuration Channel (CC) imakhoma pa USB-C cholumikizira nthawi yomweyo yambitsani kukambirana. Mkati mwa ma milliseconds, charger imalengeza ma voltages ndi mafunde omwe ingapereke, pomwe chipangizo chanu chimayankha ndi zomwe chikufunika. Kugwirana chanzaku kumagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya Power Delivery Objects (PDOs)-makamaka mndandanda wa zosankha zamphamvu kuyambira pa Basic 5V mpaka kutha kwa charger.

Akangogwirizana pa mgwirizano wamagetsi, magetsi enieni amayenda kudzera muzitsulo za VBUS. Chipangizo chanu chimayang'anira nthawi yochajitsa nthawi zonse, ndipo apa ndipamene zinthu zimakhala zanzeru: batri ya foni yanu ikatenthedwa kapena kufika patali pang'onopang'ono batire ya lithiamu ion, ikhoza kukambirananso pakati-panthawi, ndikufunsa kuti muchepetse mphamvu zoteteza ma cell. Charger imayankha mkati mwa ma microseconds, kusintha zomwe zimatuluka. Kubwerera-ndi-kupitirirabe nthawi yonse yolipiritsa.

Kutsika kwamagetsi kumagwira ntchito mowonjezereka kwa PD yokhazikika: 5V pazida zoyambira, 9V pama foni ambiri, 15V pamapiritsi ena, ndi 20V yamalaputopu. Koma ma protocol atsopano monga PPS ndi AVS-omwe tiwona pambuyo pake-titaya mawonekedwe olimbawa kuti azitha kusintha kwambiri.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD sinawonekere usiku wonse. Mafotokozedwe oyamba mu 2012 adakweza mphamvu pa 60 watts, zomwe zidawoneka ngati zosintha panthawiyo. Pofika chaka cha 2014, USB PD 2.0 inachulukitsa mpaka 100 watts, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotheka pakulipiritsa laputopu. Mtunduwu udayambitsa ma profiles okhazikika (5V, 9V, 15V, 20V) omwe zida zambiri zimagwiritsabe ntchito mpaka pano.

Kutulutsidwa kwa 2017 kwa USB PD 3.0 kunabweretsa Programmable Power Supply, kulola zida kupempha magetsi aliwonse pakati pa 3.3V ndi 21V muzowonjezera zazing'ono za 20mV. Kenako mu 2021, USB PD 3.1 idawonjezera Mphamvu Yowonjezera, ndikukankhira denga mpaka ma watts 240 kudzera munjira zatsopano za 28V, 36V, ndi 48V. Apple's 16-inch MacBook Pro yakhala imodzi mwazida zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito izi ndi kufunikira kwake kwa 140W.

Posachedwapa, USB PD 3.2 idafika mu Okutobala 2024 ndi lamulo: chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chimapempha ma watts opitilira 27 tsopano chiyenera kuthandizira Adjustable Voltage Supply (AVS) ya Standard Power Range. Mndandanda wa iPhone 17 udakhala foni yam'manja yoyamba kuchita izi, kupangitsa kuyitanitsa kwawo kwamphamvu kwa 40W. Kutengera ndi data yochokera ku USB-IF ma certification records, zida zopitilira 15,000 zidalandira satifiketi ya PD 3.2 pakati pa Okutobala 2024 mpaka koyambirira kwa 2025.

Kuthamangitsa batri ya Lithium ion kumafuna mphamvu yamagetsi yolondola komanso kuwongolera kwaposachedwa kuti muwonjezere liwiro komanso moyo wautali. Selo ya lithiamu imagwira ntchito pakati pa 3.0V ikatha ndi 4.2V itachajitsidwa, koma zida zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma cell angapo motsatizana-laputopu yanu imatha kukhala ndi kasinthidwe ka 3S4P (ma cell atatu motsatizana, anayi motsatana) omwe amafunikira 12.6V mokwanira.

Apa ndipamene kusinthasintha kwa USB PD kumakhala kovuta. Popanda kusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, chojambulira chimafunika kutembenuza 20V kukhala voteji iliyonse yomwe dongosolo lanu loyang'anira batire limafunikira, kuwononga mphamvu ngati kutentha. Ndi PPS kapena AVS, chojambulira chikhoza kubweretsa china chake pafupi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe mukufuna-ngati, 11V m'malo mwa 20V ya batire ya laputopuyo-kuchepetsa kutayika kuchokera pafupifupi 15% kufika pa 3-5%.

Kucharger{{0}current/constant-voltage (CC/CV) kosalekeza komwe ma lithiamu cell amafunikira mamapu kuti agwirizane ndi kuthekera kwa PPS. Nthawi yoyamba-kuchajisa, PPS imakhalabe ndi mphamvu nthawi zonse pamene magetsi akukwera. Selo likayandikira 4.2V, protocol imasinthira kumagetsi osasintha pomwe pano ikutsika. Mafoni a m'manja tsopano amalambalala zowongolera mphamvu zawo zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chojambulira cha PD chizitha kudyetsa batire mwachindunji-Ukatswiri wa Samsung Super Fast Charging umagwira ntchito mopitilira 99% pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

Kuwongolera kutentha pakuyitanitsa batire ya lithiamu ion kumapindulanso ndi kuthekera kokambirana kwa USB PD. Makina oyang'anira mabatire akazindikira kuti ma cell akufikira madigiri 45 , amatha kupempha mphamvu yocheperako, kuletsa kutha kwa matenthedwe omwe anali ndi makina ochapira akale-.

Zonse za Programmable Power Supply ndi Adjustable Voltage Supply zimafuna kupititsa patsogolo kuyendetsa bwino, koma zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

PPS imagwira ntchito-munthawi yeniyeni. Imasinthasintha ma voltages mu masitepe a 20mV komanso pakalipano mu 50mA increments, kutsatira mphamvu ya batri yanu pamene ikukwera kuchoka yopanda kanthu kupita kudzaza. Chojambulira cha PPS chimasunga kulumikizana kosalekeza ndi chipangizo chanu, kusinthira mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri pakachaji kamodzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa mabatire a smartphone, omwe amapindula ndi kufananiza kolondola kwa voteji panthawi yonse ya charger. PPS imatuluka pa 100W ndipo imagwira ntchito pakati pa 5V ndi 21V.

AVS imatenga njira ina. Imasinthasintha masitepe okulirapo a 100mV ndipo imayang'ana pa-kukambitsirana kwapanthawi imodzi m'malo mongotsatira mosalekeza. Ganizirani izi ngati kukhazikitsa magetsi okhazikika bwino m'malo mongosinthasintha nthawi zonse. AVS imathandizira mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri-mpaka 240W-ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito pakati pa 9V ndi 48V. Kugulitsa{11}kutha? Kuwongolera kochepa kwa granular.

Pazofuna zenizeni, PPS imakhalabe yabwinoko pakulipiritsa kwa mafoni a m'manja chifukwa chakulondola kwake komanso{0}}kusinthira nthawi yeniyeni. AVS imawala pamakompyuta a laputopu ndi zoyang'anira zomwe zimafunika mphamvu zambiri koma sizifunika kusinthidwa-kachiwiri{3}}kachiwiri. Pofika chaka cha 2025, pafupifupi 65% ya mafoni odziwika bwino a Android amathandizira PPS, pomwe kutengera kwa AVS pazida zogula kumakhalabe pansi pa 5% malinga ndi data yoyesera ya ChargerLAB.

Chisokonezocho chimachulukirachulukira chifukwa PPS ndiyosasankha pomwe AVS idakhala yovomerezeka mu PD 3.2 pazida zomwe zimafunsira 27W. Chaja yanu ikhoza kukhala ndi zonse ziwiri, imodzi, kapena ayi{3}}ndipo nthawi zambiri sipakhala zilembo zomveka bwino kuti zikuuzeni.

USB PD imagwiritsa ntchito Zinthu Zotumizira Mphamvu kuti ilankhule maluso, koma mphamvu yeniyeni yoperekedwa imadalira kukambirana pakati pa mbali zonse ziwiri.

Chaja cha 100W chikhoza kulengeza ma PDO asanu ndi limodzi okhazikika:

5V @ 3A (15W)

9V @ 3A (27W)

15V @ 3A (45W)

20V @ 3A (60W)

20V @ 5A (100W)

Kuphatikizanso mwina PPS APDO yopereka 5V-21V @ 5A.

Chipangizo chanu chimayang'ana mndandandawu ndikusankha zomwe chikufuna. Kujambula kwa foni 27W kungapemphe 9V @ 3A. Laputopu ya 60W ingafunse 20V @ 3A. Ngati zipangizo zonse ziwiri zimazitcha nthawi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito-chaja ya madoko ambiri, magetsi amagawidwa{10}nthawi zambiri, ndipo zipangizo zolumikizidwa zimakambitsirana pamene mukulumikiza kapena kutulutsa zina.

Apa ndi pamene zinthu zimatha kukhumudwitsa ogwiritsa ntchito. Mumalumikiza laputopu yanu ya 100W mu charger ya 100W ndikudabwa chifukwa chake imalipira pang'onopang'ono. Yankho litha kukhala loti laputopu yanu imafuna kuphatikiza kwamagetsi kwapadera osati pamndandanda wa PDO wa charger, kapena chingwe sichigwirizana ndi 5A, kukuchepetsani mpaka 60W. Laputopu imabwerera ku mbiri iliyonse yomwe imagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri 45W kapena 60W.

E-zingwe zomata zimathetsa vutoli. Zingwezi zili ndi tchipisi (e-cholembera) chomwe chimazindikiritsa kuthekera kwawo pakugwirana chanza koyamba. Chaja sichitha kupitilira 60W popanda kutsimikizira kuti chingwecho chimatha kugwira 5A. Chitetezochi chimalepheretsa kutenthedwa, koma zikutanthauza chingwe chanu cha USB cha $5{8}}C chomwe chingakhale cholepheretsa, osati chojambulira chanu.

USB Power Delivery

Chimodzi mwazinthu zanzeru kwambiri za USB PD chimalola zida kusintha yemwe akupereka mphamvu popanda kudumpha.

Yerekezerani malo okwererako akuyendetsa laputopu yanu mukamagwira ntchito. Dokolo ndiye "gwero" ndipo laputopu yanu ndi "sink." Ngati wina adutsa pa chingwe chamagetsi apadoko, USB yachikale imatha kudula mphamvu nthawi yomweyo-zomwe zingawononge data pama drive olumikizidwa. Fast Role Swap (FRS) imazindikira kutayika kwa mphamvu ndipo, mkati mwa ma microseconds 150, imatembenuza magawowo. Laputopu yanu imakhala gwero, tsopano ikuyendetsa doko ndi zotumphukira zake kuchokera ku batri yake.

Kuthekera kwa njira ziwirizi kumapitilira kupitilira zochitika zadzidzidzi. Mutha kulipiritsa foni yanu kuchokera pa batire ya laputopu yanu, ngakhale laputopuyo imangolipira kuchokera pa adapter yapakhoma. Mabanki amagetsi amatha kulandira ndi kupereka mphamvu kudzera padoko la USB lomweli -C. Mabatire ena a e{{4}panjinga tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito USB PD kuchajitsa kwinaku akuyatsa foni ndi magetsi anu nthawi imodzi.

Kugwirana chanza kwa FRS kumachitika kudzera pamapini a CC. Gwero likatha mphamvu, limakoka chingwe cha CC pansi kwa 60-120 microseconds-chizindikiro chadala, osati mwangozi. Sink, yomwe nthawi zonse imayang'anira, imagwira chizindikiro ichi ndipo nthawi yomweyo ikupereka kuti ikhale gwero latsopano. Kusinthana konseko kumamaliza ma voliyumu a VBUS asanatsike pansi pa 5V, kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zosasokonekera pazida zakutsika.

USB PD imaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo zachitetezo, koma chilengedwe sichabwino.

Ntchito iliyonse ya PD imaphatikizapo chitetezo chambiri. Charger imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuchitika ndipo imatseka ngati idutsa malire omwe mwakambirana ndi 10%. Chitetezo cha overvoltage chimagwiranso ntchito mofananamo-ngati VBUS ikwera kupitirira 10% kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe mwagwirizana, zipangizo zonse ziwiri ziyenera kutsekedwa.

Kuzindikira kutentha kumachitika mbali zonse ziwiri. Ma charger ali ndi ma thermitors omwe angachepetse mphamvu kapena kutseka kwathunthu kuposa 85 digiri. Zipangizo zimayang'aniranso kutentha kwa batri ndi kulipiritsa, kupempha mphamvu yocheperako zinthu zikatentha kwambiri.

Vutolo? Sizinthu zonse za USB-C zomwe zimatsata momwe zimakhalira. Kuyesa kodziyimira pawokha kochitidwa ndi mabungwe ngati gulu la Benson Leung apeza zingwe zomwe zimangonena za luso lawo, zosoweka -zopinga zomwe zikuyenera kuwonetsa malire apano, ndi ma charger omwe amapereka mphamvu zosakhazikika panthawi yakukambirana. Izi {{4}mwa{5}}zinthu zinazake zimatha kuwononga zida kapena, ngakhale pang'ono, kupangitsa kuti azitchaja pang'onopang'ono kapena kulephera.

Ubwino wa chingwe ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mu 2024 ndi Granite River Labs adayesa zingwe 200 za USB mwachisawawa-C kuchokera pamisika yapaintaneti ndipo zidapeza 38% zomwe zidalephera kutsimikizika kwamagetsi. Mwa iwo omwe amathandizira 100W, 12% sanathe kusunga mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika pansi pa katundu wathunthu, kuchititsa kutsika kwa magetsi komwe kunayambitsa kutsekedwa kwa chitetezo pazida zomata.

Nambala yamagetsi pa charger imakuuzani kuchuluka kwake, osati zomwe chipangizo chanu chidzalandire. Chotsatsa cha 65W chotsatsa "PD 3.0" chikhoza kukupatsani 45W ku laputopu yanu ngati ma voliyumu sakugwirizana ndi zomwe kasamalidwe ka batri yanu ikufuna.

Yang'anani izi zenizeni:

Mndandanda wamagetsi: Ma charger abwino amalemba ma PDO awo momveka bwino. Yang'anani "5V/3A, 9V/3A, 15V/3A, 20V/3.25A" kapena zofanana.

Thandizo la PPS: Ngati muli ndi foni ya Android, "PPS 5-21V @ 5A" ikutanthauza kuti imatha kulitcha mwachangu.

AVS ya-zida zamagetsi zapamwamba: Zipangizo zomwe zimafunikira kupitilira 27W pofika kumapeto kwa 2024 ziyenera kuthandizira AVS, chifukwa chake yang'anani "AVS 9-20V" pama charger.

Chitsimikizo: USB-Chitsimikizo cha NGATI (TID nambala) chimatsimikizira kuti chojambulira chapambana kuyesa kutsata.

Kwa zingwe, zolembera ndizofunikira. Chingwe chotchedwa "USB 2.0" chimangogwira liwiro la data mpaka 480 Mbps koma chikhoza kuthandizira 240W kutumiza magetsi-data ndipo mavoti a mphamvu ndi osiyana. Yang'anani:

5Akapena100W+kulemba{{0}mapulogalamu amphamvu kwambiri

E-chipuchofunika pa chilichonse choposa 60W

USB{{0}Ngati satifiketi(ngakhale izi ndizosowa pa zingwe)

Ma -ma charger angapo amabweretsa zovuta. Chaja ya 100W yapawiri-ikhoza kupereka 100W kuchokera padoko limodzi, kapena 65W + 30W pamene zonse zikugwira ntchito. Zabwino kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito kugawa mphamvu kwamphamvu, kuyang'ana zida zolumikizidwa masekondi angapo ndikugawanso mphamvu ngati pakufunika. Mitundu yamabajeti imagwiritsa ntchito masikimu agawidwe okhazikika omwe amawononga mphamvu-foni imodzi ya 30W pa charger ya 100W yokonzedwera 65W + 35Kugawanitsa W kumangopeza 35W.

Ayi. Kuyankhulana kwamagetsi kumatsimikizira kuti zida zimangolandira zomwe zapempha. Chaja ya 100W yolumikizidwa ndi foni yomwe imathandizira 18W ipereka ndendende 18W mukatha kukambirana. Mphamvu yowonjezera imakhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sizingwe zonse za USB-C zomwe zimathandizira kutulutsa magetsi moyenera. Ma Cables akuyenera kuvoteredwa malinga ndi mphamvu yanu-60W ndipo akugwira ntchito ndi zingwe zokhazikika, koma 100W kupita kumtunda amafunikira 5A-zingwe zovoteledwa zokhala ndi e-marker chip. Kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chocheperako kungachepetse liwiro lacharge kapena kutha kutentha kwambiri.

Zifukwa zitatu zodziwika bwino: chingwe sichidavotera kuti ndi champhamvu kwambiri, batire ya chipangizo chanu ndi yotentha ndipo ili ndi liwiro lothamanga kuti mutetezeke, kapena chojambulira sichigwirizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe chipangizo chanu chimapempha. Zipangizo zina zimachepetsanso kuthamanga kwa liwiro pamene sikirini yayatsidwa kapena chipangizocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

USB-C imatanthawuza mawonekedwe a cholumikizira chakuthupi-pulagi yaing'ono yotembenuzidwa. USB PD ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imathandizira kuyitanitsa mwachangu komanso kutumiza mphamvu zambiri kudzera pa cholumikizira chimenecho. Mutha kukhala ndi USB-C popanda PD, koma USB PD imafuna USB-C.

USB Power Delivery

USB PD idalonjeza kuchotsa kabati ya ma charger eni eni, ndipo imaperekedwa pang'ono. Tsopano mutha kulipiritsa mafoni, matabuleti, ma laputopu, ndi zina zambiri kuchokera pa charger yomweyi- bola ngati mumvetsetsa zofunikira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kuthandizira ma protocol.

Koma chisinthiko cha mafotokozedwewo chakhala chosagwirizana. PPS vs AVS, SPR vs EPR, zomwe zimafunikira AVS pambuyo pa 27W, zina zomwe opanga amazigwiritsa ntchito mosasinthasintha-zimabweretsa chisokonezo. Chida chochokera mu 2020 sichikhoza kufulumira-kutchaja ndi 2025 charger ngakhale onse amati "USB PD 3.0".

Lamulo la European Union lofuna USB-C pazida zambiri pofika chaka cha 2024 lidafulumizitsa kuti lizigwiritsa ntchito komanso lidawulula mipata iyi. Magulu amakampani tsopano akukakamira kuti akhale ndi zilembo zomveka bwino, koma kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2025, mukufunikabe kuyang'ana thandizo la protocol m'malo modalira zonena za "kulipira mwachangu".

Pazida zomwe zili ndi mabatire a lithiamu ion, USB PD imayimira kuwongolera bwino kwambiri pakuwonjezera-voltage charging. Kuthekera kwa protocol kufananiza voteji ya gwero pafupi ndi zomwe mabatire amafuna kumachepetsa kutentha kwa zinyalala ndikupangitsa kuti azilipira mwachangu popanda kutenthedwa. Pamene kugwiritsa ntchito PPS kukuchulukirachulukira-makamaka pakati-pazida zosiyanasiyana za Android zomwe m'mbuyomu zinkadalira umwini-tikuyandikira pafupi ndi kuyitanitsa mwachangu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Chingwecho chimakhalabe cholumikizira chofooka. Mpaka -zikhomo zikhale zovomerezeka pazingwe zonse za USB-C ndikutsimikizira bwino kumalepheretsa{3}}zinthu zosagwirizana kuti zilowe mumsika, ogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kutsata zomwe akudziwa. Lonjezo la "chingwe chimodzi pachilichonse" ndi chenicheni, pokhapokha ngati chingwecho chikukwaniritsa miyezo ya USB-IF. Yang'anani mavoti, yang'anani ziphaso, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo ndi -zida zanu zamphamvu kwambiri.