Kodi Mabatire Olimba-ndi Chiyani?

Chabwino ndiye kuti nthawi ili 11:47pm Lachiwiri ndipo ndangoyimba foni ndi wogulitsa ku Shenzhen yemwe akuyesera kundigulitsa "mabatire osinthika-olimba" omwe ali mwamtheradi, 100% OSATI olimba-mabatire a state. Aka ndi kachitatu mwezi uno. Ndatopa. Komanso? Izi zikuchitikabe chifukwa palibe amene amafotokoza kuti zinthu izi ndi chiyani.

Ndiye tikupita. Tengani khofi. Kapena mowa. Ine sindikuweruza.

Mwamsanga kwenikweni ife tisanayambe- mbiri yanga kuyambira pomwe anthu amandifunsa nthawi zonse: Ndakhala ndikusokoneza umisiri wa batri kuyambira 2016, ndimagwira ntchito kumakampani awiri omwe adasokonekera (nthawi zosangalatsa), ndidakambirana ndi atatu omwe adakali ndi moyo (osachepera), ndipo pano ndikuchita R&D ... chabwino mwina ndisanene koma mudamvapo za iwo. Ndadziwotcha ndi moto wa lithiamu kawiri. Osalimbikitsa. 0/10 kuchita.

Kumeneko. Batire la foni yanu? Laputopu? Galimoto yamagetsi? Zonse zili ndi madzi mkati. Osati ngati madzi-zamadzimadzi, monga...madzimadzi okhuthala. organic electrolyte. Zimamveka zokongola koma kwenikweni ndi goo yoyaka moto yomwe imalola ma lithiamu ayoni kusambira mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa mbali zabwino ndi zoyipa.

Zimagwira ntchito bwino! Mpaka sizitero. Kenako imayaka moto.

Ndikadali ndi Samsung Galaxy Note 7 mu kabati yanga ya desiki yomwe ndimasunga ngati chikumbutso lmao. Sindinayatsenso pambuyo pokumbukira. Zili ngati pepala laling'ono loopsa lamoto.

Batire yolimba-yokhazikika=m'malo mwa madziwo n'kukhala cholimba.

Ndichoncho. Ndicho chinthu chonsecho.

Gawo lolimba likhoza kukhala:

Zinthu za ceramic (monga galasi lapamwamba koma lovuta kupanga)

Unyolo wa polima (kuganizani pulasitiki wandiweyani koma osati pulasitiki kwenikweni)

Zosakaniza za sulfide (izi zimanunkhiza ZOYENERA, monga mazira ovunda kuchulukitsa chikwi)

O, zowona zoseketsa ndidaphunzira movutikira - zina mwazinthuzi zimachita ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga. Monga mwachiwawa. Tidali ndi wophunzira wa grad mu 2019 yemwe adasiya chitsanzo cha sulfide electrolyte pa benchi usiku wonse. Ndinafika m'mawa mwake, zonse zinali zitachita dzimbiri. Kununkhira ngati imfa. Sitinathe kugwiritsa ntchito labu kwa sabata.

solid-state batteries

Bwenzi ndakhala ndikumva za mabatire olimba-kuyambira... 2015? 2014? Penapake kuzungulira uko. Chaka chilichonse: "Zaka 3 zokha!"

Zakhala meme m'gulu la batri. Monga mphamvu ya fusion. Nthawi zonse 10 zaka kutali.

Koma chabwino pali zifukwa zenizeni zosamalira:

1. Iwo (mwina) sadzaphulika pamaso panu

Palibe madzi owiritsa=osawira=osachulukana=osathamanga.

Ndikutanthauza kuti AMAkhozabe kulephera. Ine ndaziwona izo zikuchitika. Koma m'malo mwa moto woyaka moto mumakhala ngati ... imasiya kugwira ntchito ndikutentha. Zabwino kwambiri! Ndidawona-chiwonetsero cholimba chikulephera pakuyesa chaka chatha ndipo chidangotupa pang'ono ndikufa. Ndi liquid lithium-ion tiyenera kuyesa kuseri kwa blast zishango. Zosiyanasiyana vibe.

2. Mphamvu zambiri pamalo amodzi (amati)

Zonenazo ndi zachipongwe. 50% zambiri? 100% zambiri? Angadziwe ndani. Papepala masamu amagwira ntchito. Zoonadi? Tiwona.

Toyota imanenabe kuti adzakhala ndi mabatire a 900-mile pofika 2027 kapena 2028 kapena chinachake. Ndikhulupirira pamene ndikuyendetsa galimoto. Mpaka pamenepo ndi vaporware.

3. Imalipira mwachangu (mwina)

Ena mwa ma electrolyte a ceramic amatha kukwanitsa kupitilira apo popanda kunyozeka. Chifukwa chake ngati mtengo wathunthu wamphindi 10.

Kodi ndawona ntchito imeneyi mu labu? Inde, kamodzi, pa batire ya ndalama yachitsulo kukula kwa thumbnail yanga.

Kodi ndawonapo kuti ikugwira ntchito pa -batire la kukula kwa galimoto? Ayi. Palibe amene watero. Ndi data yongoyerekeza komanso mayeso ang'onoang'ono-.

4. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali (tikuganiza)

Popanda kusweka kwamadzimadzi, muyenera kupeza ndalama zambiri. Lifiyamu yokhazikika-yoni ndi yabwino ngati 500-1000 mikombero kutengera momwe mumachitira. Solid-state iyenera kuchita bwino.

Koma nachi chinthu - sitikudziwabe chifukwa palibe amene wakhala akuwagwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka 10. Sitingathe kuyesa kudalirika-kwanthawi yayitali mu labu. Inu muyenera kungodikira ndikuwona.

O, ndiyenera kufotokoza zomwe zili kunja kuno. Zoyipa zanga.

Lithium Wamba-Ion (Zomwe zili mu Chilichonse)

Foni yanu, laputopu, mwina galimoto yanu ngati ndi yamagetsi

Mphamvu: ~250-300 Wh/kg (awo ndi mawatt-maola pa kilogalamu, mayunitsi a nerd)

Zotsika mtengo kupanga tsopano chifukwa takhala tikuchita mpaka kalekale

Idzayaka moto ngati muyiboola kapena kuiwonjezera

Ndimasunga chidebe chamchenga mu labu yanga ngati ndingathe

Mabatire a LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)

Zotetezeka, sizingagwire moto ngakhale mutayesa

Kuchepa kwa mphamvu - pafupifupi 160-180 Wh/kg

Imakhala KWAMUYAYA ngati 3000+ zolipiritsa

Zotsika mtengo kuposa mitundu ina ya lithiamu

Izi ndi zomwe zili mumtundu woyambira wa Tesla tsopano ndikuganiza? Osandibwereza ine pa izo

NMC/NCA (Zotsika mtengo)

Nickel Manganese Cobalt kapena Nickel Cobalt Aluminium

Kuchita kwakukulu, 250-280 Wh / kg

Amagwiritsa ntchito cobalt yomwe... eya, ku Congo kuli nkhani zogwirira ntchito za ana, zovuta zina

Zokwera mtengo

Kuchita bwino ngakhale sikunama

Zolimba-Boma (The Mythical Creature)

ZOFUNIKA 400-500 Wh/kg

Njira yokwera mtengo pompano

Kupanga ndi matsenga akuda pakadali pano

Ndi zotetezeka komanso tilibe data yokwanira

Onani sindimakayikira zinthu zambiri koma boma-lolimba lili ndi zabwino zake. Osati kunamizira kwina.

Chitetezo ndi chovomerezeka bwino.

Ndayesa ndekha mitundu yonse iwiri. Ndi lithiamu{1}}nthawi zonse timavala zishango zakumaso ndipo timakhala ndi zozimitsa moto kulikonse. Ndi -mawonekedwe olimba? Komabe kusamala koma zochepa "izi zitha kuphulika" mphamvu.

Mwezi watha tinali ndi gawo lalifupi la cell test. Zolimba-zinena kuti munthu wayamba kutentha ndikusiya kugwira ntchito. Zikadakhala kuti lithiamu-ion wanthawi zonse tikadayaka moto ndithu.

Kukula / kulemera kwa chinthu ndi chenicheni NGATI apereka.

Kupanga kwa 400 Wh/kg kungasinthe kwenikweni. Batire yanu ya EV imatha kulemera theka lamtundu womwewo. KAPENA kulemera komweko, kuwirikiza kawiri.

Koma ndiye IF wamkulu. Zotsatira za labu sizimasulira nthawi zonse kuti zikhale zopangidwa. Moni, KAWIRI samamasulira.

Kutentha kuyenera kukhala bwinoko.

Ma electrolyte olimba amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu kuposa madzi. Batire yagalimoto yanu ku Chicago yozizira pa -20 digiri F? Iyenera kugwira ntchito bwino. Arizona chirimwe pa 120 digiri F? Komanso bwino.

Ngakhale nkhani yosangalatsa - ma electrolyte ena a ceramic amafunikiradi kukhala OTHANDIZA kuti agwire ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake mufunika chotenthetsera cha batri yanu. Zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Mtundu wa kugonjetsa cholinga lol.

Palibe ma dendrites.

Izi zili mkati mwa baseball koma chilichonse. Mukalipira mabatire a lithiamu, zitsulo zazing'ono zotchedwa dendrites zimatha kukula kuchokera ku electrode imodzi kupita kwina. Pamapeto pake amaboola pa cholekanitsa ndi kufupikitsa batire. Ndi momwe mabatire ambiri a lithiamu-ayoni amafera.

Ma electrolyte olimba amayenera kutsekereza dendrites. Zida zolimba, sizingabowole. Mwachidziwitso.

Mukuchita? Eh. Tawonapo ma dendrites akukula kudzera mu ma electrolyte olimba. Sayansi yazinthu ndizovuta.

solid-state batteries

Chabwino mangani chifukwa apa ndipamene ndikhumudwitsa anthu ena.

Iwo samagwira ntchito pompano.

Pepani! Ndizowona! Zambiri mwa "kupambana" kwa mabatire olimba-omwe mumawerenga m'mabuku? Iwo amagwira ntchito ngati 10 ma cycle. Mwina 50 ngati muli ndi mwayi. M'mikhalidwe yabwino labu. Pamadigiri 25 ndendende. Ndi kamphepo kakang'ono kochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa.

Batire yagalimoto yanu imayenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse 1000+ ku Minnesota nyengo yozizira komanso ku Texas chirimwe komanso kulikonse. Sitinafikebe ngakhale pang'ono.

Ndinali pamsonkhano chaka chatha (Battery Symposium ku Orlando, Marichi 2024) ndipo ndidawona ulaliki woyambira wonena kuti ma 500 azungulira. Anapita kunyumba kwawo. Adafunsidwa zambiri. Iwo anakhala chete ndithu mofulumira kwenikweni. Zikuoneka kuti maulendo 500 anali pamtengo wa 0.1C ndi maola 4 pakati pa ndalama. Kopanda ntchito kwenikweni ntchito.

Kupanga ndi vuto lalikulu.

Takhala zaka 30+ tikufufuza momwe tingapangire mabatire a lithiamu{1}}yotchipa komanso odalirika. Mafakitole, zida, zowongolera zabwino - zonse zidayimbidwa.

Dziko lolimba-? Kuyambira pachiyambi.

Zida zosiyanasiyana. Njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolephera. Zonse ndizovuta.

Ndinayankhula ndi mnyamata wochokera ku QuantumScape mwezi watha (tonse tinali pabwalo la ndege, anali ndi mowa wambiri 3, adakhala ndi macheza) ndipo adanena kuti vuto lawo lalikulu silinalinso luso lamakono. Ikulingalira momwe mungapangire mabatire 10,000 omwe ali ofanana. Kusasinthika pamlingo ndizovuta kwambiri.

Vuto la mawonekedwe likupha aliyense.

Izi ndi zaukadaulo koma zofunika: pomwe electrolyte yolimba imakhudza ma elekitirodi olimba, mumapeza kukana. Zili ngati kuyesa kudutsa magetsi m'malo awiri ovuta omwe asindikizidwa pamodzi. Osati kulumikizana kwakukulu.

Ndi electrolyte yamadzimadzi, madziwo amadzaza mipata yonse yaying'ono. Kulumikizana kwangwiro kulikonse. Ndi zolimba-pa-zolimba? Osati kwambiri.

Anthu akuyesera chilichonse: zokutira zapadera, kukakamiza, kutenthetsa, zida zatsopano, zigawo zoperekera nsembe, madera osungira. Palibe chomwe chimagwira ntchito mwangwiro panobe. Njira iliyonse imabweretsa mavuto atsopano.

Amasweka ndipo ndizoyipa kwambiri.

Ma electrolyte olimba a ceramic ndi osalimba. Mabatire akamakwera amatupa pang'ono. Kutulutsa, iwo amachepa. Chitani izi nthawi 1000 ndipo ceramic yanu imatha kusweka.

Batire laling'ono la crack=lakufa. Chinyezi chimalowa, magwiridwe antchito amatsika, masewera atha.

Ndawona ma cell okongola olimba-amene amagwira ntchito bwino mozungulira 50, kenako crack, kenako kusiya kugwira ntchito. Zowawa mtima. Ndipo okwera mtengo.

Ma electrolyte a polima samasweka mosavuta koma amakhala ndi kutsika kwa ayoni. Gwirizanitsani-zochotsera.

Mtengo wake umandipangitsa kulira.

Zomwe zikuchitika pano zikuyika mabatire olimba-pa 10-20x mtengo wa lithiamu-ion wanthawi zonse. Pa kwh.

Inde, mtengo udzatsika ndi sikelo. Iwo nthawizonse amatero. Koma tikulankhula ZAKA zachitukuko ndi MABILIYONI muzachuma chachikulu tisanafike pamtengo wofanana.

Maselo 4680 a Tesla amawononga $100/kWh. Dziko lolimba-litha kukhala $1000/kWh pompano. Mwina zambiri. Palibe amene amasindikiza manambala enieni chifukwa amachititsa manyazi.

Oh man chabwino izi zikhala zosokonekera chifukwa pali ngati 50+ makampani akuti "atsala pang'ono kusintha mabatire" koma ndiloleni ndiyang'ane kwambiri za omwe akuchita zinthu:

QuantumScape- Mwina yakutali kwambiri pamapulogalamu amagalimoto. Kugwiritsa ntchito cholekanitsa ceramic. Mothandizidwa ndi VW ndi Bill Gates. Ndalama zawo zidakwera kuchokera $130 mpaka $10. Uwu. Koma akugwirabe ntchito ndipo awonetsa zotsatira zabwino. Nthawi ikupitilirabe kutsetsereka ngakhale chomwe chiri ... chokhudza komanso chowona? Sindikudziwa momwe ndingamverere moona mtima.

Mphamvu Yolimba- BMW ndi Ford amathandizidwa. Sulfide electrolyte. Pomaliza ndinamva kuti akadali ndi nkhani zopanga. Nthawi yawonso yatsika. Nthawi ya aliyense imatsika. Ndichisangalalo chamakampani opanga mabatire.

Samsung SDI- ALI NDI mabatire olimba-akukhazikika! Koma zazing'ono. Zazovala. Zida zamankhwala. Zomveka (inde ndiwo mawu tsopano mwachiwonekere). Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zamagalimoto-? Akadali pachitukuko. Amati 2027. Ndikunena 2029-2030 zenizeni.

Toyota- O mwana. Toyota yakhala ikulonjeza -kupambana kwa batire la dziko kuyambira ndisanayambe kugwira ntchito m'gawoli. Amalemba ma patent ambiri kuposa wina aliyense. Amapanga zilengezo zazikulu chaka chilichonse. Ndipo komabe ... palibe mankhwala.

NDIKUFUNA kuwakhulupirira. Iwo ndi Toyota. Iwo amadziwa kupanga. Koma ndipusitse kamodzi, manyazi pa inu. Ndipusitseni ka 47...

Iwo anati 2025, ndiye 2027, tsopano ndi 2027-2028. Ndiyika ndalama pa 2030 osachepera.

Nissan- Kukhala chete pazomwe ndimalemekeza. Nenani kuti apanga oyendetsa pofika 2024-2025. Nthawi yowona kwambiri kuposa ena. Kugwira ntchito ndi NASA pazinthu zina zomwe ndikuganiza? Osandigwira mawu.

Mtengo wa magawo CATL- Kampani yaku China, yopanga batire yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Akasamuka, aliyense amaona. Akugwira ntchito yolimba-koma kukhala osamala KWAMBIRI ndi kulosera. Zomwe zimandipangitsa kuti ndiziwadalira kwambiri. Iwo amadziwa kupanga masikelo. Iwo amadziwa chimene chiri chovuta.

StoreDot- Kuyambika kwa Israeli, kuthamangitsa mwachangu kwambiri. Mademo abwino. Makulitsidwe ndiye funso. Nthawi zonse funso.

Palinso Factorial Energy, ProLogium, Ionic Materials, Sakuu, Blue Current, Ilika ... kwenikweni zambiri zambiri. Ambiri adzalephera. Umo ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Zoyambitsa mabatire zimakhala ngati 5% yopambana.

Yankho lalifupi:Ayi.

Yankho lalitali:Komabe ayi, pokhapokha mukugula EV yofananira $500k+ kapena batire lapadera lazida zamankhwala.

Yankho lalitali:Samsung ili ndi -mabatire olimba omwe alipo koma ndi okwera mtengo komanso ochepa. Tikuyankhula ngati coin cell size. Zosathandiza pamapulogalamu ambiri.

Zogulitsa zoyamba zenizeni zokhala ndi-zokhazikika zitha kukhala:

Mafoni apamwamba kwambiri- Samsung kapena Apple idzafuna kudzitamandira. "Foni yoyamba yolimba-ya batire!" Kutsatsa kwakukulu. Mwina 2026-2027.

Ma EV opanga ochepa- Mtundu wina wapamwamba upanga mayunitsi 500 okhala ndi -mabatire olimba. Mtengo $200k. Tsimikizirani kuti ukadaulo umagwira ntchito. 2027-2028.

Zapamwamba-zokwera-njinga/ma scooter- Batire laling'ono limapangitsa kuti liziyenda bwino kwambiri. 2026?

Msika waukulu? Munthu yemwe sindikumudziwa. 2030 poyambilira. Mwina 2032-2035 kukhala otetezeka. Ndipo ngakhale pamenepo "msika waukulu" ungatanthauze "kusintha kosankha kwa $ 10k."

Mwina ndikukhala wopanda chiyembekezo. Koma ndakhumudwa nthawi zambiri.

Pompano? Mawonetsero ambiri a PowerPoint.

Koma seriously:

Magalimoto Amagetsi- Izi ndi zomwe aliyense amasamala za. 500+ kutalika kwa ma mile, kuthamanga kwa mphindi 10, kupepuka, kotetezeka. Zingasinthe msika wa EV. NGATI zichitika.

Mafoni ndi Malaputopu- Tangoganizani kuti foni yanu ikhala masiku awiri athunthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kapena kukhala theka la makulidwe. Kapena osakhalanso ndi zochitika za Samsung Note 7. Ndilo lotolo.

Implants Zachipatala- Apa ndipamene mabatire olimba{1}akugwiritsidwa ntchito KALE! Ma pacemaker amafunikira mabatire omwe 100% sangalephere kapena kutayikira mkati mwa thupi lanu. Dziko lolimba-ndiloyenera kuchita izi. Batire yaying'ono, sikuyenera kukhala yotsika mtengo, chitetezo ndicho chilichonse.

Ma Drones / Aviation- Ndege zamagetsi zimafunika mphamvu zochulukira kwambiri. Gramu iliyonse ndiyofunikira. Dziko lolimba-litha kupangitsa kuti ndege zamagetsi ziziyenda bwino kuposa ma drones ang'onoang'ono.

Kusungirako Gridi- Mwina? Koma moona mtima posungirako, kulemera kulibe kanthu. LFP ndiyotsika kale komanso yotetezeka mokwanira. Zovuta kumenya pa mtengo. Dziko lolimba-lifunika kukhala lotchipa kwenikweni kuti lipikisane pano.

Ndimafunsidwa nthawi zonse. Pamaphwando (akatswiri a batri amapita ku maphwando bwino), pamisonkhano, achibale mwachisawawa pa Facebook.

Yankho: Ayi, musadikire.

Ngati mukufuna EV tsopano, gulani EV tsopano. Ma EV apano ndiabwino kwambiri! Model 3, Ioniq 5, F-150 Mphezi, zosankha zonse zolimba. Tekinoloje yotsimikiziridwa. Kudalirika kodziwika.

Pofika nthawi yotsika mtengo-ma EVs alipo:

Mukhala mukuyendetsa galimoto yanu yamakono kwa zaka 5+ kale

Ukadaulo ukhalabe woyamba-ndi zovuta zosadziwika

Zomangamanga zolipirira zidzakhala zabwinoko

Mitengo ya EV yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikhoza kugwa yemwe akudziwa

Ngati mukukonzekera kugula kumapeto kwa 2027 kapena 2028? Ndiye mwina dikirani kuti muwone zomwe zimatulutsidwa. Koma musayike moyo wanu pachimake.

Tekinoloje nthawi zonse ikupita patsogolo. Nthawi zonse pali china chabwinoko chikubwera "posachedwa." Sindingathe kudikira mpaka kalekale.

Ndinadikirira kuti ndigule TV ya 4K mpaka 2019. Mukudziwa zomwe zidachitika? Anakhala otchipa komanso abwinoko. Koma ndinalibenso TV ya 4K kwa zaka 6. Kodi zinali zoyenera? Moona mtima... ayi. Ndikadangogula imodzi.

solid-state batteries

Chabwino osanama. Koma kusocheretsa.

Aliyense amaponya mozungulira manambala amphamvu kwambiri. "400 Wh / kg!" "500 Wh / kg!" "900 Wh / kg!"

Nazi zomwe samakuuzani:

Lifiyamu-ion CELLS yamakono250-300 Wh / kg
Lifiyamu-ion PACKS yapano150-200 Wh / kg

Mukuona kusiyana kwake? Phukusili limaphatikizapo casing, kuzizira, wiring, machitidwe oyendetsera batire. Monga 30-40% ya kulemera kwake kwa batri si batire.

Zonena zolimba-zonena za CELLmphamvu: 400-500 Wh/kg
Zowona-zokhazikika pa PACK: Angadziwe ndani? 250-350 Wh/kg mwina?

Kotero pamene Toyota imati "kawiri kachulukidwe mphamvu!" akuyerekeza-nambala zam'manja zabwino kwambiri ndi manambala apaketi apano. Osati maapulo ku maapulo.

Kusintha kwenikweni pamlingo wa paketi mwina kungakhale 50-75%. Zomwe zikadali zabwino! Zopambanadi! Koma sikuti kutsatsa kwakusintha sikukutanthauza.

Komanso mphamvu kachulukidwe si chirichonse. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumafunikira (momwe mumathamangitsira mwachangu). Moyo wozungulira ndiwofunika. Kutentha kachitidwe. Mtengo pa kWh ndi wofunika kwambiri pakutengera anthu ambiri.

Batire yomwe imawononga $2000/kWh yokhala ndi 500 Wh/kg ndiyoipa kuposa batire yomwe imawononga $100/kWh yokhala ndi 250 Wh/kg. Kwa mapulogalamu ambiri mulimonse.

Ngati ndinu munthu wamba:Iwalani-zimene zilipo pakadali pano. Gulani chilichonse chomwe mungafune ndiukadaulo wamakono. Zimagwira ntchito bwino.

Ngati mukugula EV mu 2025-2026:Gulani tsopano ndi lithiamu-ion yamakono. Osadikira. Tsogolo labwino la EV silikubwera posachedwa.

Ngati ndinu Investor:Izi ndizowopsa, mphotho yayikulu. Ndikabetchera osewera okhazikika (Samsung, Toyota, CATL) poyambira. Koma ndi ine ndekha. Ndili pachiwopsezo-choipa chifukwa ndawonapo mabatire ambiri akuwonongeka ndikupsa. Kwenikweni muzochitika zina.

Ngati ndinu injiniya:Lowani m'munda uno! Ndizokhumudwitsa ngati gehena koma zosangalatsa kwambiri. Ingokhalani okonzekera kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ndi zina zambiri zakufa.

Ngati mukukonzekera kugula mu 2027-2028:Yambani kutchera khutu kwa omwe amapereka kwenikweni motsutsana ndi omwe amangolengeza. Ndalama zanga zili pa Samsung ndipo mwina Nissan.

Zomwe OSATI kuchita:Musagule "mabatire olimba-akupezeka pano!" kuchokera pamasamba azithunzi. Iwo akunama. Ngati zili zenizeni, izikhala m'malo ogulitsa nkhani zazikulu komanso kuchokera kwa opanga akuluakulu.

O komanso chinthu chimodzi: Ngati mukufuna mabatire TSOPANO ndipo mukufuna chinachake pakati pa lifiyamu nthawi zonse-ion ndi maloto olimba-? Yang'anani mumabatire a lithiamu polima. Sali olimba-koma ndi otetezeka kwambiri kuposa ma li{2}}omwe anthawi zonse, osawuka, ndipo mutha kuwapeza lero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zambiri za RC ndi mafoni ena. Osati zosintha koma zilipo lol.