Kodi Kutentha Kwambiri N'kutani?
Mkati mwa batire iliyonse ya lithiamu mu foni iliyonse ndi laputopu ndi galimoto yamagetsi ndi chinthu chomwe chimayaka moto ngati chitentha kwambiri. Cholekanitsa kuti chikhale chokhazikika ndi chochepa kwambiri kuposa tsitsi la munthu.
Aliyense wamkulu wopanga batire amadziwa malire otentha a maselo awo. Panasonic, CATL, LG, Samsung SDI, SK On-onse amapangidwa kuti asapitirire malirewo. Komabe moto ukupitirirabe kuchitika, m’magalaja ndi m’malo oimikapo magalimoto ndi m’zombo zonyamula katundu zowoloka nyanja ya Pacific.
Pofika chaka cha 2024, CATL yokha inali itatumiza ma cell okwanira kuti azitha kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi opitilira 7 miliyoni, malinga ndi zolemba zamakampani. Ambiri mwa mapaketi amenewo sadzakhala ndi vuto. Ena adzatero.
"Simungathe kuyesa selo lililonse," adatero Venkat Srinivasan, mkulu wa Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science. "Mumayesa zitsanzo. Mumayika zololera. Ndiye mukuyembekeza kuti ndondomeko yanu yopangira zinthu ikugwirizana mokwanira."
Zomwe zapezedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamoto wa batri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakatha miyezi ingapo, zikuwonetsa kuti kuthawa kwamafuta nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi chinthu chaching'ono. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachitsulo. Pindani mu zokutira ma electrode. Cholekanitsa chomwe chinatuluka chowonda kwambiri pa Lachiwiri masana pa mzere wina wopanga.
Selo limodzi lokha losokonekera mu paketi ya 4,000-nambala ya mu batire yamtundu wa EV-imatha kutentha anansi ake kuposa momwe angalolere. Zimenezo zimafalikira. Kutentha kumakwera kupitirira madigiri 600. Phukusili limayatsa moto.
Onaninso: Kukumbukira kwa General Motors Bolt EV, 2021. LG Energy Solution idalipira $ 1.9 biliyoni.
"Tidapeza zolakwika ziwiri m'chipinda chimodzi," munthu wodziwa bwino za kafukufukuyu adatero panthawiyo. “Mmodzi yekha sakadakhoza kuyatsa moto. Onse pamodzi anachita.
Komabe owongolera sanafune kuyezetsa kofananira kwa kutentha kwamafuta m'makampani onse. Aliyense wopanga makina, aliyense wopereka ma cell, amayika malire amkati. Zomwe zimadutsa pakampani ina zimalephera kwina.
"Miyezo ili ponseponse," adatero Shirley Meng, pulofesa pa Yunivesite ya Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering. "Palibe mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pazomwe zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka mokwanira."
Kuti muwone, paketi yomwe idakhala mgalimoto yoyimitsidwa ku Phoenix imatha kufika madigiri 50 Celsius asanayatse aliyense. Ku Dubai, madigiri 60. Maselo amakhala ofunda kale amp yoyamba isanayambe.
Ndipo imeneyo ndi mikhalidwe yabwinobwino. Kuthamanga mwachangu kumawonjezera kutentha. Kuzizira-kulipira kwanyengo kumayambitsa lithiamu plating, yomwe imatha kufupikitsa selo pakadutsa miyezi ingapo. Kuwonongeka kwa ngozi sikungawonekere pazowunikira mpaka china chake chitasunthika kale.
Ndi mizere yopyapyala yotere, chitetezo cha batri chimadalira pafupifupi pakupanga mtundu. Selo yopangidwa mufakitale yatsopano yomwe ikuyenda mothamanga kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za EV silofanana ndi selo lopangidwa m'malo okhwima omwe ali ndi zaka zakukonzanso.
"Zolakwika pa miliyoni zimakwera mukakula mwachangu," atero a Gene Berdichevsky, CEO wa Sila Nanotechnologies komanso membala wa gulu loyambirira la batire la Tesla Roadster. "Zimenezo ndi zenizeni."
Kunena zowona, magalimoto amagetsi amawotcha pamitengo yotsika kuposa magalimoto amafuta, pa mailosi oyendetsedwa. Bungwe la National Transportation Safety Board lanena izi mobwerezabwereza. Momwemonso wopanga makina onse.
Kusiyana kwake ndi zomwe zimachitika kenako. Moto wa petulo ukuyaka mpaka mafutawo atha. Moto wa batri ukhoza kuyambiranso pakadutsa masiku angapo ngati ma cell amkati mwa paketi akugwirabe ntchito. Madipatimenti ozimitsa moto aphunzira kusunga ma EV oyaka akuyang'aniridwa kwa maola 48. Ena agula makontena kuti adzaze madzi.
"Sitingangoyimitsa ndikuchoka," watero mkulu wa gulu lankhondo ku Bay Area, pofotokoza ndondomeko zatsopano zomwe dipatimenti yake idatengera mu 2023.
Opanga ena ayenda mofulumira kuposa ena. Tesla amalondola-magawo a data kuchokera pagulu lililonse mgalimoto iliyonse pamsewu. BYD yasintha kwambiri ku maselo a lithiamu iron phosphate, omwe amalekerera kutentha kwambiri asanawole. CATL ikuyesa mankhwala a sodium-ion omwe amachotseratu lithiamu.
"Tekinoloje ikuyenda," adatero Srinivasan. "Kaya ikuyenda mofulumira ndi funso losiyana."
