Kodi Memory Effect ndi chiyani?

Memory effect ndi chodabwitsa chomwe mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwanso amataya mphamvu zawo zochulukirapo akamangitsidwa mobwerezabwereza atatulutsidwa pang'ono. Batire ikuwoneka kuti "ikukumbukira" mphamvu yaying'ono ndipo imapereka mphamvu zochepa kuposa momwe ikanathawira poyamba. Izi zimachitika makamaka mu mabatire a faifi tambala-cadmium (NiCd) ndi faifi tambala-metal hydride (NiMH), ngakhale kuopsa kwake ndi mamenedwe ake amasiyana pakati pa mafakitolewa.

Sayansi Pambuyo pa Memory Effect

Memory effect imaphatikizapo njira yovuta ya electrochemical yomwe imasintha mkati mwa batri. Batire ya NiCd ikatulutsidwa mobwerezabwereza pamlingo womwewo isanabwerekenso, makhiristo a cadmium hydroxide amapanga pama mbale a batri. Makristalowa amakula pakapita nthawi, amachepetsa malo omwe akugwira ntchito omwe amapangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amapanga magetsi.

Mawu aukadaulo a chochitika ichi ndi "voltage depression." Panthawi yotulutsa pang'ono, mphamvu ya batri imatsika kale kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira, ngakhale mphamvu yamankhwala imakhalabe yosungidwa. Izi zimapanga chinyengo chakuti batri yatha pamene ikusunga mphamvu yosagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Paul Scherrer Institute ku Switzerland adazindikira njira yeniyeni mu 2013. Kafukufuku wawo, wofalitsidwa mu Nature Materials, adapeza kuti kukumbukira kumachitika chifukwa chopangidwa ndi gamma{1}}phase nickel oxyhydroxide m'malo a electrode. Maderawa amakula pamene batire imatsitsidwa mpaka kuya komweko, ndikupanga kugawa kosasinthika kwa magawo azinthu pamtunda wa electrode.

Chifukwa Chake Kuzungulira Kwapang'onopang'ono Kumayambitsa Zotsatirazo

Ndondomekoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa nthawi zolipiritsa payekha. Batire la NiCd lotulutsidwa mpaka 50% ndikulipiritsanso nthawi 20 motsatizana limapangitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira pamlingo wa 50%. Kapangidwe ka batri kameneka kamagwirizana ndi kachitidwe kameneka, ndikukonzanso zida zake zamkati kuti zigwirizane ndi zozungulira zosazama izi.

Kukonzanso uku kumachitika chifukwa ma electrochemical reaction amapezeka makamaka m'malo omwewo mkati mwa batri. Ma electrode omwe sanayendetse bwino panjinga amakhala osagwira ntchito, pomwe madera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza amapanga mawonekedwe ovuta a kristalo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, magawo omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito a electrode amakhala osapezeka kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Ndi Mitundu Yanji ya Battery Imakumana ndi Memory Effect

Mabatire a Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd): Kuvuta Kwambiri

Mabatire a NiCd amawonetsa mphamvu zokumbukira kwambiri. Mabatirewa ankagwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda zingwe zosawerengeka, zounikira zadzidzidzi, ndi zida zamagetsi zonyamula katundu kuyambira m'ma 1960 mpaka m'ma 1990. Zotsatira zimatha kuchepetsa mphamvu zawo zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 20-30% ngati zizolowezi zolipiritsa sizikuyenda bwino.

Batire la 1,000mAh NiCd lomwe limadzibwereza mobwerezabwereza 50% limatha kutulutsa mphamvu zokwana 700-800mAh pakapita miyezi ingapo. Mphamvu yotsalayo siyikutayika-imatsekeredwa kuseri kwa chotchinga champhamvu kwambiri chomwe zida zambiri sizingagonjetse.

Mabatire a Nickel{{0}Metal Hydride (NiMH): Kuvuta Kwambiri

Mabatire a NiMH amakhala ndi mtundu wocheperako wamakumbukiro. Izi zidalowa m'malo mwa NiCd m'mapulogalamu ambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 komanso koyambirira kwa 2000s. Ngakhale amatha kutaya mphamvu chifukwa chokwera njinga pang'ono, zotsatira zake zimakhala zocheperapo 60-70% kuposa mabatire a NiCd.

Kuchepa kwachiwopsezo kumachokera ku kusiyana kwa ma electrode chemistry. Mabatire a NiMH amagwiritsa ntchito ma aloyi achitsulo osowa padziko lapansi m'malo mwa cadmium, omwe amapanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kristalo pansi pa njinga mobwerezabwereza. Izi ndizokhazikika komanso zosinthika mosavuta kuposa zomwe zili mu mabatire a NiCd.

Lithium-Mabatire a ion ndi Lithium Polymer: Palibe Kukumbukira Koona

Mabatire a Lithium-kuphatikizalithiamu polima batiremapangidwe, samakumana ndi classical memory effect. chemistry yawo imagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana-intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ions to layered structures-omwe samapanga crystalline formations yomwe imapangitsa kukumbukira.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe teknoloji ya batri ya lithiamu polymer imalamulira magetsi ogula, magalimoto amagetsi, ndi zipangizo zamakono. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulipiritsa mabatirewa nthawi iliyonse yakutha popanda kuopa kutaya mphamvu chifukwa cha kukumbukira.

Zomwe mabatire a lithiamu amakumana nazo ndikutha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumakina ena: kuwonongeka kwa electrode, kukula kwa mawonekedwe a electrolyte, ndi plating ya lithiamu. Njirazi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimakumbukira komanso zimachitika mosasamala kanthu za ma charger.

Maganizo Olakwika Pankhani ya Memory Effect

Bodza: ​​Mabatire onse omwe amatha kuchangidwa amakhala ndi kukumbukira

Chikhulupiriro ichi chikupitilirabe kuyambira nthawi ya NiCd pomwe kukumbukira kunali kodetsa nkhawa kwenikweni. Masiku ano, mabatire ambiri omwe amatha kuchangidwanso amagwiritsa ntchito lithiamu chemistry, yomwe siyambitsa nkhaniyi. Maganizo olakwikawa amapangitsa anthu kuthira mabatire a lithiamu mosayenera-mchitidwe womwe umafupikitsa moyo wawo.

Zopeka: Muyenera kutulutsa zonse musanawonjezere

Malangizowa anali othandiza pamabatire a NiCd koma anali owopsa pama cell a lithiamu{{0}. Mabatire a lithiamu amakonda kutulutsa kocheperako. Kuwachotsa pansi pa 20% mobwerezabwereza kumafulumizitsa kuwonongeka. Njira yabwino ndikulipiritsa nthawi iliyonse yabwino, kusunga batire pakati pa 20-80% mphamvu ngati nkotheka.

Zopeka: Kuwongolera nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira

Kuyimitsa-kutulutsa ndi kulitchanso batire{1}nthawi zina kumatha kusintha kukumbukira ma cell a NiCd pokakamiza kuti zida za kristalo zomwe zavuta kuti ziwonongeke ndikusinthanso chimodzimodzi. Komabe, kukumbukira kwakukulu kwazaka zambiri za zizolowezi zoipa zolipiritsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosatha. Makhiristo amakula kwambiri komanso osasunthika kuti abwezeretse mphamvu.

Bodza: ​​Kukumbukira ndi chifukwa chake mabatire akale sakhalitsa

Ngakhale kukumbukira kumathandizira kutayika kwa mphamvu mu mabatire a NiCd ndi NiMH, nthawi zambiri sizomwe zimayambitsa. Kukalamba kokhazikika-kuwonongeka kwa ma elekitirodi, kuwonongeka kwa ma electrolyte, ndi kuwonongeka kwa olekanitsa{2}}kumapangitsa kuti mabatire akale achuluke kwambiri. Batire la NiCd la zaka zisanu{{4}zakale{5}}lokhala ndi chizolowezi chochajisa bwino likhalabe ndi charge yocheperako kuposa ikakhala yatsopano.

Zothandiza Pamachitidwe A Battery

Kuvuta kwa kukumbukira kumatengera machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito. Zipangizo zomwe zimakoka mphamvu mpaka kufa zisanadzabwerenso, monga mafoni opanda zingwe omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, zimachepetsa ziwopsezo za kukumbukira. Zipangizo zomwe zimachajitsidwanso tsiku lililonse pamlingo wolipira mosasamala, monga kubowola opanda zingwe kapena makamera, zinali pachiwopsezo.

Pakuyesa koyendetsedwa, mabatire a NiCd adapanga kukumbukira koyezera pambuyo pa 15-20 zozungulira zozama pakuya komweko. Zotsatira zimaphatikizidwa ndi kubwereza kulikonse. Pambuyo pa 100 zozungulira zotere, kutaya mphamvu kumatha kufika 25% kapena kupitilira apo.

Mabatire a NiMH adawonetsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Amafunika 50-70 zozungulira mozama asanawonetse chidwi chachikulu cha kukumbukira, ndipo kutayika kopitilira muyeso kumafika pafupifupi 10-15%. Kulekerera kwabwinoko kudawapangitsa kukhala otchuka pazida zotayira kwambiri pomwe kutulutsa kwathunthu sikunali kothandiza.

Njira Zopewera ndi Kusintha

Za Mabatire a NiCd

Kutulutsa-charge nthawi iliyonse pakatha mphindi 20 mpaka 30, kumathandiza kupewa kukumbukira kukumbukira. Mchitidwewu, wotchedwa conditioning kapena reconditioning, umagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi athunthu ndikuletsa mapangidwe a kristalo. Ma charger apadera okhala ndi ma conditioning modes amasintha izi.

Makina ena amakampani a NiCd amagwiritsa ntchito pulse charger, kugwiritsa ntchito{{0}kuthamanga kwapanopa kwakanthawi kochepa potchaja kuti aphwanye makristalo. Njirayi imafunikira zida zapadera ndipo sipezeka pamabatire ogula.

Kwa Mabatire a NiMH

Kutulutsa kwathunthu kumathandizira, koma mabatire a NiMH amalekerera kupalasa pang'ono kuposa NiCd. Kutulutsa kwathunthu pamizere 50-100 kumapereka kukonza kokwanira. Kuwongolera pafupipafupi kumapereka phindu lochepa komanso kumawonjezera kuvala kosafunikira.

Kuwongolera Battery Kwamakono

Makina oyang'anira mabatire pazida zogwiritsa ntchito lithiamu chemistry amawunika kuchuluka kwa ma charger, kutentha, ndikuyenda kwapano kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito. Machitidwewa amapangitsa kulowererapo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala kosafunikira. "Kayendesedwe ka batri" pazida zina sikulepheretsa kukumbukira zinthu{2}}ikuthandizira makina oyang'anira kuti aziwona kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.

Kusintha kwa Lithium Technology

Kuchoka pamabatire a NiCd ndi NiMH pamapulogalamu ogula kumachokera ku zovuta zamakumbukiro. Opanga adazindikira kuti ogula akufuna kukonza{1}mabatire aulere. Lithium chemistry inabweretsa izi limodzi ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso mphamvu zabwinoko-ku-kulemera kwake.

Zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa batri wa lithiamu polima zimapewa kukumbukira zinthu zonse pomwe zikupereka 2-kuchulukitsa katatu kuposa kusungira mphamvu pa gramu imodzi poyerekeza ndi NiMH. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ma foni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ma drones, ndi mapulogalamu ena olemera omwe amakulitsa nthawi yothamanga.

Komabe, mabatire a NiCd ndi NiMH akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati kutentha kwadzaoneni, kuchucha kwambiri, kapena kudalirika kwa nthawi yaitali-kuposa kukhudzidwa kwa kukumbukira. Makina osunga zobwezeretsera magetsi, zida zamankhwala, ndi zida zina zamafakitale zimadalirabe faifi tambala-kutengera ma chemistries.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zotsatira za kukumbukira zingawononge batire mpaka kalekale?

Memory zotsatira palokha siziwononga mawonekedwe a batri. Zimachepetsa mphamvu zomwe zilipo posintha momwe zida za electrode zimadzikonzera. Mwachidziwitso, kuwongolera moyenera kumatha kusintha izi, ngakhale zovuta zazaka zambiri zokhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa zolipiritsa zimatha kukana kuchira kwathunthu. Batire limakhalabe lotetezeka kuti lingagwiritsidwe ntchito-limangogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochepa.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati batire yanga ili ndi kukumbukira?

Kukumbukira kumawonekera ngati nthawi yayifupi yothamanga yomwe imapita patsogolo kwambiri mukamaliza-kuchangitsa. Ngati nthawi yothamanga ikhalabe yotsika ngakhale mutakhazikika, vutoli limakhala lokalamba kapena kuwonongeka kwamkati m'malo mokumbukira. Mabatire amakono a lithiamu sangawonetse izi chifukwa sakhala ndi kukumbukira kwenikweni.

Kodi kukumbukira kumakhudza mabatire agalimoto?

Ayi. Mabatire azigalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito lead-acid chemistry, yomwe simapangitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira. Kutha mphamvu kwa mabatire akale agalimoto kumachokera ku sulfation (lead sulfate crystal buildup), active material shedding, ndi electrolyte stratification-njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna machiritso osiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chiyani opanga mafoni amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwathunthu nthawi ndi nthawi?

Malangizowa akukhudzana ndi kuwerengetsa kwa batri, osati kuteteza kukumbukira. Mapulogalamu a chipangizochi amatsata kuchuluka kwa batri poyang'anira mphamvu yamagetsi ndi magetsi. Kuzimitsa nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka pafupi-kupanda kanthu kumathandiza makina kuyeza kuchuluka kwa batire, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwachaji. Sichilepheretsa kutaya mphamvu mu batri yokha.

Memory effect imapangitsa kukula kwaukadaulo wa batri kwazaka zambiri. Kumvetsetsa njira zake kudapangitsa kuti ma chemistries a batri akhale abwinoko komanso makina ochapira anzeru. Ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri masiku ano samakumana ndi zokumbukira zenizeni chifukwa cha mabatire a lithiamu-, maphunziro omwe tikuphunzira akupitiriza kukhudza momwe timapangira ndi kuyang'anira magetsi osunthika.

Kusintha kwa mapangidwe a batri la lithiamu polima ndi ma chemistries ena apamwamba kumayimira zambiri kuposa kungothawa kukumbukira. Ukadaulo uwu umapereka maubwino ofunikira pakuchulukira kwa mphamvu, kuthamanga kwacharge, ndi kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira zamakono zazida. Kwa mapulogalamu omwe akugwiritsabe ntchito mabatire a faifi tambala-, kuzindikira za momwe kukumbukira kumagwirira ntchito kumakhalabe kofunika kuti muwonjezere magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautali.

Zofunika Kwambiri

Memory zotsatira zimachepetsa mphamvu ya batri yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudzera mumayendedwe obwereza pang'ono, makamaka omwe amakhudza mabatire a NiCd

Chochitikachi chimachokera ku mapangidwe a crystalline omwe amakula m'madera ozungulira ma electrode panthawi yoyenda mozama.

Mabatire a Lithium-, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe a lithiamu polima, sakhala ndi kukumbukira kwenikweni

Kukhazikika kwanthawi ndi nthawi kumathandizira kupewa ndikubwezeretsa kukumbukira mumitundu yomwe ingatengeke

Makina amakono owongolera mabatire amachotsa kufunika kochitapo kanthu pamanja pazida zamagetsi za lithiamu-