Kodi Kuwonongeka kwa Battery ndi Chiyani?

Kuwonongeka kwa batri ndikuchepetsa kotheratu kwa mphamvu ya batire kuti isunge ndikutumiza mphamvu pakapita nthawi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zida zizigwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono komanso kuti zisamagwire bwino ntchito, pang'onopang'ono zimakula pang'onopang'ono pakachaji chilichonse ndikudutsa chaka.

Chemistry Pambuyo Kuwonongeka kwa Battery

Mkati mwa batire iliyonse yomwe imatha kuchangidwanso, machitidwe amankhwala amatha kusunga mphamvu ndikutulutsa. Pa kulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa, ma ion a lithiamu amatseka pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri kudzera mu njira ya electrolyte. Kusuntha kobwerezabwerezaku kumayambitsa zochitika zam'mbali zomwe zimawononga pang'onopang'ono zigawo zamkati.

Zosanjikiza zolimba za electrolyte interphase (SEI) zimapangika pa anode pa charger yoyamba ndipo zimapitilira kukula moyo wa batri. Ngakhale kuti wosanjikizawu poyamba amateteza electrode, kuwonjezereka kwake kosalekeza kumadya ma ion a lithiamu ndikulepheretsa kuyenda kwawo. Kafukufuku wochokera ku 2024 akuwonetsa kukula kwa SEI ngati njira yoyambira yomwe imapangitsa kuti mphamvu zizichepalithiamu ion batrimachitidwe.

Kupsinjika kwakuthupi kumaphatikiza kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Zipangizo zama elekitirodi zimakula ndikulumikizana panthawi iliyonse, ndikupanga ming'alu yaying'ono. Ma fractures awa amachepetsa malo a electrode omwe amapezeka kuti achitepo kanthu. Kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte nthawi imodzi kumawonjezera kukana kwamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma ayoni aziyenda movutikira. Kuphatikiza kwa njirazi kumafotokoza chifukwa chake mabatire amataya 1-3% ya mphamvu zawo pachaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino.

Zinthu Zoyamba Zomwe Zimathandizira Kuwonongeka

Kutentha kumayimira ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopanikizika. Kafukufuku wochokera ku Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics akuwonetsa kuti kupatuka kuchokera pa 25 digiri kumathandizira kulephera. Kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 40 kumathamangitsa machitidwe a mankhwala omwe amaphwanya zigawo za batri, pamene kuzizira pansi pa 0 digiri kumalepheretsa kusuntha kwa ion ndipo kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa lithiamu panthawi yolipiritsa.

Njira zolipirira zimakhudza mwachindunji liwiro la kuwonongeka. Kuthamangitsa mwachangu kumapangitsa kutentha kwamkati ndikukakamiza ma ayoni kuyenda mwachangu, ndikuwonjezera kupsinjika kwamakina pamagetsi. Deta yochokera ku 2024 kusanthula kwa Geotab ikuwonetsa kuti mabatire a EV amatsika pa 1.8% yokha pachaka ndi kasamalidwe koyenera ka kutentha, kutsika kuchokera ku 2.3% mu 2019. Kuwongolera uku kwa 22% kumachokera makamaka pakuwongolera bwino kutentha panthawi yolipira.

Mtengo womwe mumasungira kapena kusunga mabatire ndi ofunika kwambiri. Kusunga mabatire pa 100% kumapangitsa kuti ma electrode oxidation apitirire, pomwe kuwasunga pafupi ndi 0% kumatha kuwononga kapangidwe kake. Kukalamba kwa kalendala kumachitika ngakhale mabatire atakhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito-zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi kusintha kwamankhwala komwe kumapitilirabe ngakhale akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuzama kwa kutulutsa kumakhudza machitidwe amavalidwe. Kuzungulira kozama pakati pa 20-80% kumayambitsa kupsinjika pang'ono kuposa kuzungulira kwathunthu kuchokera ku 0-100%. Komabe, zotsatira zake zimatsimikizira kuti ndizochepa kuposa zotsatira za kutentha. Batire yoyendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono m'malo ozizira imatha kupitilira yomwe yasungidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, ngakhale batireyo silingagwire ntchito.

Momwe Kunyozeka Kumaonekera mu-Zochitika Padziko Lonse

Kuchepetsa nthawi yothamanga kumawoneka ngati chizindikiro chodziwika bwino. Foni yam'manja yomwe idakhalapo maola 12 imatha kutha maola 9 pakatha chaka chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Magalimoto amagetsi atsika pang'ono, ngakhale ma EV amakono akugwirabe ntchito mwamphamvu-kufufuza kwa Geotab kwa magalimoto 5,000 kunapeza kuti{7}}mamodelo abwino kwambiri amangowonongeka ndi 1.0% pachaka.

Kukana kwamkati kumawonjezeka pamene kuwonongeka kukupitirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabatire azitentha kwambiri akamagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimapanga mawonekedwe obwereza pomwe kutentha kwapamwamba kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwina. Mutha kuwona kuti zida zikutenthera mukatha kulipira kapena kutulutsa kuposa pomwe zili zatsopano.

Kupereka mphamvu kumafooketsa mabatire owonongeka kwambiri. Kuchulukirachulukira kumakhala kovuta, zomwe zimachititsa kuti kuchedwerako pang'onopang'ono komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu yotha kupirira{1}mphamvu kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake mafoni akale amatha kuzimitsa mosayembekezereka ndi 20% yachaji{4}}batire silingathenso kupereka mphamvu yofunikira, ngakhale ikuwonetsa mphamvu yotsala.

Kusakhazikika kwamagetsi kumawonekera ngati chizindikiro china. Miyezo yolipiritsa imatha kudumpha mosayembekezereka, kapena kuchuluka kumatha kutsika kwambiri ndikutsitsa ndikuyambiranso ngati ikugwira ntchito. Zizindikirozi zimasonyeza kuti chemistry ya mkati mwa batri yawonongeka kwambiri kuposa kutaya mphamvu.

Njira Zochepetsera Kunyozeka

Kusunga ndalama pakati pa 20-80% kumapereka chitetezo chothandiza kwambiri. Mtunduwu umachepetsa kupsinjika kwa ma electrode ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwamapangidwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa chotaya kwambiri. Kwa chemistry ya lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) makamaka, opanga amapangira kuti azilipira nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka 100% kuti ayesedwe, koma izi zikuyimira zosiyana ndi malamulo onse.

Kuwongolera kutentha kumafunikira chidwi chofanana. Pewani kuyatsa zida pakutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kwambiri. Mukayimitsa magalimoto amagetsi m'chilimwe, funani mthunzi. M'nyengo yozizira, ikani batire ikakhala yolumikizidwa m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya batri potenthetsa. Sungani zida zomwe simuzigwiritsa ntchito kwa milungu ingapo kutentha kozungulira pafupifupi 20 digiri ndi 50% mtengo.

Chepetsani kulipiritsa mwachangu kukakhala komwe mukufunikira liwiro. Ngakhale kuli koyenera, kulipiritsa pafupipafupi kumatulutsa kutentha komwe kumathandizira kunyozeka. Mitengo yolipiritsa imakhala yocheperako pa chemistry ya batri ndipo imatha kuwonjezera moyo wothandiza pofika zaka zingapo. Kafukufuku wochokera ku 2022 adawonetsa kuti mabatire omwe amaperekedwa mwachangu kwambiri adawonongeka ndi 3% kuposa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zocheperako.

Makina owongolera mabatire pazida zamakono amatha kukhathamiritsa zambiri zokha. Yambitsani zinthu monga "kuchajisa bwino" zomwe zimaphunzira momwe mumagwiritsire ntchito ndikuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mumawononga ndi 100%. Machitidwewa amatha kuchedwetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka popanda kufunikira kuchitapo kanthu pamanja.

Nthano ndi Zolakwika Zokhudza Kusamalira Battery

Nthano ya "full discharge calibration" ikupitilirabe ngakhale yachikale. Mabatire akale a faifi tambala{1}ankapindula chifukwa choti amakhetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asamakumbukike, koma ma lithiamu{2}amagwira ntchito mosiyana. Kutulutsa kwathunthu kumawononga mabatire a lithiamu ion potsindika ma elekitirodi ndikuyika pachiwopsezo-zoyambitsa zoteteza kutulutsa.

Mabatire akuzizira sangawasunge. Kutentha kochepera -madigirii 20 kumapangitsa kuti ma electrolyte crystallization achuluke ndipo amatha kuchepetsa mphamvu mpaka kalekale. Kusungirako kutentha kwa chipinda pamtengo wa 50% kumapereka chitetezo kwanthawi yayitali.

Kuchangitsa opanda zingwe sikuwononga mabatire mwachangu kuposa kuyitanitsa mawaya-kutentha komwe kumabwera kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito. -opangidwa bwino ndi ma waya opanda zingwe okhala ndi kuziziritsa kosagwira ntchito amapangitsa kuti pakhale kutha pang'ono, pomwe omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino omwe amalola kukwera kwa kutentha amathandizira kutsika.

Zosintha zamapulogalamu sizingasinthe kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Ngakhale zosintha zitha kusintha ma aligorivimu kasamalidwe ka batri kapena kukonzanso zowonetsa, sizingabwezeretse ma ion a lithiamu omwe atayika kumbali kapena kukonza maelekitirodi osweka. Zonena za mapulogalamu{{2}kutengera kubwezeretsedwa kwa mphamvu zamapulogalamu nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kuwongolera bwino m'malo mobwezeretsanso mphamvu zenizeni.

Moyo Wachiwiri wa Mabatire Owonongeka

Mabatire omwe amatsika pansi pa 80% amakhalabe othandiza pamapulogalamu ambiri. Mabatire a EV omwe amachotsedwa m'magalimoto nthawi zambiri amakhalabe ndi mphamvu zokwana 70-80% za mphamvu zoyamba-zosakwanira kuyendetsa galimoto koma ndi abwino kwambiri posungira mphamvu zomwe sizimayima. Mapulogalamu amoyo wachiwiriwa amakulitsa moyo wonse wa batri mpaka zaka 15-20.

Makina osungira ma gridi amatha kulekerera kuwonongeka bwino kuposa magalimoto. Makoma amagetsi ndi zofunikira-zoyikapo sikelo sizifuna kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoyendera. Batire yokwanira 70% imaperekabe mphamvu yofanana, kwa nthawi yayifupi.

Ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso ukupitilizabe kuyenda bwino. Njira zamakono zimapezanso zinthu zopitilira 95% zamtengo wapatali monga lithiamu, cobalt, ndi faifi tambala kuchokera ku mabatire omwe adawonongeka. Pamene kukonzanso kumakula, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumachepa chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa zinthu zozungulira.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa batire kumakhala koyenera bwanji pakatha chaka chimodzi?

Mabatire ambiri a lithiamu-amatha mphamvu ndi 1-3% m'chaka choyamba akagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Ma EV amakono amawonetsa zotsatira zabwinoko, pomwe data ya 2024 ikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwapakati pachaka kwa 1.8%. Zinthu monga kutentha kwa thupi ndi chizolowezi cholipiritsa zimakhudza kwambiri izi.

Kodi mungasinthe kuwonongeka kwa batri?

Ayi, kuwonongeka kumaphatikizapo kusintha kosatha kwa mankhwala ndi kamangidwe. Ma ion a lithiamu otayika, maelekitirodi osweka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte sikungasinthidwe. Komabe, chisamaliro choyenera chingachedwetse kwambiri kuwonongeka kwamtsogolo. Kusintha kwa batri ndiyo njira yokhayo yobwezeretsera magwiridwe antchito apachiyambi.

Kodi kusiya foni yanu italumikizidwa usiku wonse kumawononga batire?

Zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zolipiritsa mwanzeru zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike. Amasiya kuyitanitsa pa 100% ndikusinthira kusungitsa ndalama popanda kukwera njinga ya batri. Komabe, kusunga mabatire pa 100% kulipiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandizira kukalamba kwa kalendala. Kugwiritsa ntchito malire ochapira kuyimitsa pa 80-85% ikapezeka kumapereka thanzi labwino kwanthawi yayitali.

Kodi nyengo yozizira imakhudza bwanji kuwonongeka kwa batri?

Kuzizira kumachepetsa kwakanthawi mphamvu zomwe zilipo koma sizimafulumizitsa kuwonongeka kosatha. Komabe, kulipiritsa pozizira kwambiri (mpaka madigiri 0 ) kungayambitse lithiamu plating-kuwonongeka koopsa komwe zitsulo za lithiamu zimayikidwa pa anode. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi 3.6% mumayendedwe amodzi pamlingo wa 0 ndi mitengo yayikulu yapano. Yatsani batire musanayipire m'nyengo yozizira.

Kuwonongeka kwa batri ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu muukadaulo wosungira mphamvu, koma kumvetsetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito kumathandizira kuyang'anira bwino. Chemistry yomwe ili mkati mwa ma cellwa ipitilira kusinthika, ndi -mabatire olimba komanso ma electrolyte otsogola bwino omwe amalonjeza kuti kuwonongeka kwawo kucheperachepera. Ukadaulo wamakono wa lithium- ukasamaliridwa bwino, umakhala ndi moyo wautali-mabatire amakono a EV nthawi zambiri kuposa magalimoto omwe amayendetsa.

Kusiyana pakati pa machitidwe abwino ndi machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhalabe kwakukulu. Kusintha kwakung'ono pamakina ochapira komanso kuzindikira kwa kutentha kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa batri ndi 30-50%, komabe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri sasintha kuti azitha kukhathamiritsa. Pamene mabatire akuchulukirachulukira pamayendedwe athu ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, zisankho izi zimakulitsa kukula kwachilengedwe komanso zachuma.