Mabatire a Lithium-ion: Mabatire a Magetsi a Forklifts

Kusintha kuchokera ku lead{{0}acid kupita ku lithiamu{1}}mabatire a batri a ion mumagetsi a forklift akuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kwaukadaulo pazida zogwirira ntchito m'zaka khumi zapitazi.Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)chemistry yatulukira ngati njira yaikulu yothetsera mphamvu zamakampani, zomwe zikupereka mphamvu zochulukirapo pakati pa 120-180Wh/kg poyerekeza ndi 30-50Wh/kg monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma asidi a lead-lead. Ubwino wa electrochemical uwu umatanthauzira mwachindunji kupindula kwa magwiridwe antchito omwe oyang'anira malo osungiramo katundu ndi oyendetsa zinthu sangakwanitse kunyalanyaza.

Nachi chinthu chokhudza ma forklift omwe anthu ambiri kunja kwa mafakitale samazindikira: makinawa amayenda mosalekeza. Tikulankhula 16, nthawi zina maola 20 patsiku m'malo akuluakulu ogawa. Njira yakale yochitira zinthu-kusinthanitsa mabatire a lead kwambiri{{5}acid, kukonza zipinda za batire zokhazikika zokhala ndi asidi{6}}zosagwira pansi ndi mpweya wabwino, kukhala ndi akatswiri owunika kuchuluka kwa madzi mlungu uliwonse{7}}kuti zomangamanga zonse zizitha ndi ukadaulo wa lifiyamu.

Ndawonapo malo akuwononga ndalama zokwana $50,000 pomanga zipinda za batri. Utsi wa asidi, kutsekereza zotayira, malo otsuka m'maso, khwekhwe lonse. Mapaketi a lithiamu samasamala za izi. Mutha kuwalipiritsa pakona ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zanu. Palibe chipinda chapadera chofunikira.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Osati mabatire onse a lithiamu amapangidwa mofanana, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuposa momwe ogula ambiri amaganizira.

LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)imalamulira msika wa forklift pazifukwa zomveka. Kutentha kothawirako kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 270, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi 150 digiri ya chemistry ya NCM. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina olemera kwambiri m'malo omwe zovuta zimachitika-chifukwa tiyeni tinene zoona, opanga ma forklift amakumana ndi zinthu-zoti malire achitetezo amakhala osayanjanitsika-. Moyo wozungulira nthawi zambiri umachokera ku 2,500 mpaka 4,000 kuzungulira 80% kuya kwa kutulutsa.

Mabatire a NCM ndi NCA amawonekera nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka m'mapologalamu apadera oziziritsa kumene kutsika kwawo{0}}kutsika kwapamwamba kwambiri kumatsimikizira zofunikira zina zowongolera zoopsa. Koma iwo ndi osiyana.

LTO (Lithium Titanate) ndiyoyenera kutchulidwa chifukwa opanga ena amakankhira mwamphamvu kuti azitha kulipira-zachangu kwambiri. Ukadaulo umagwira ntchito-mungathe kulipiritsa mapaketiwa pakadutsa mphindi 15-20-koma chiwongolero cha kachulukidwe ka magetsi ndichovuta kwambiri. Mukuyang'ana pafupifupi 70Wh / kg. Pazochitika zambiri, masamu sagwira ntchito.

Dongosolo la kasamalidwe ka batri litha kukhala gawo losayamikiridwa kwambiri pagulu lonselo. BMS yabwino imachita zambiri kuposa kungoletsa moto.

Kusanja ma cell okha kumatha kukulitsa moyo wapaketi ndi 20-30%. Maselo aliwonse omwe ali mkati mwa module amakalamba mosiyanasiyana pang'ono chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kopanga komanso ma gradient amafuta panthawi yogwira ntchito. Popanda kusanja bwino, selo lanu lofooka kwambiri limakhala cholepheretsa paketi yonse. Dongosololi limakhala ngati tcheni-chokha-monga{7}}champhamvu-monga-momwe{10}}chili chofooka kwambiri.

Kuyerekeza kwa State of charge mu lithiamu chemistries kumapereka zovuta zenizeni. Mapiritsi amagetsi a maselo a LFP amakhala osalala kwambiri pakati pa 60% ya nthawi yotulutsa. Simungangoyezera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kupeza SOC momwe mungathere ndi asidi wa lead-. Machitidwe amakono amagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengera kwa coulomb kuphatikiza kusefa kwa Kalman ndi kubwereza nthawi ndi nthawi kutengera malo odziwika (voltage yathunthu, zotulutsa zotuluka).

Kuyang'anira kutentha kumachitika pamalo angapo-kawirikawiri 8-maselo 12 aliwonse-ndi ma protocol otsekera zomwe zimachititsa ngati sensa iliyonse idutsa malire. Kuyankhulana kwa basi ya CAN kumadyetsa deta iyi kwa woyang'anira wamkulu wa forklift mosalekeza.

Apa ndi pamene zinthu zimakhala zosangalatsa, ndipo ndawonapo magulu ogula zinthu akulakwitsa zodula.

Mtengo woyamba wa pakiti ya lithiamu umayenda pafupifupi kuwirikiza 2.5 mpaka 3 mtengo wa batire yofanana ndi lead-acid. Nambala imeneyo imachititsa mantha anthu. Siziyenera kutero, koma zimatero.

Ganizirani ntchito wamba ya 80V/500Ah yomwe imagwira masinthidwe awiri:

Lead{{0}zochitika za asidi zimafunika mapaketi awiri a batri (imodzi ija ikugwira ntchito), chojambulira, zida zogwirizira batire, ndi zida za batire zomwe tazitchulazo. Mukubwezanso mabatire amenewo zaka 4-5 zilizonse. Ndalama zogwirira ntchito pakusinthana kwa batire tsiku lililonse zimawonjezera mphindi 15-20 pakusinthana, kawiri tsiku lililonse, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwantchito kwanu.

Phukusi la lithiamu limatha zaka 8-10 ndikuwongolera koyenera. Palibe kusinthana. Palibe chipinda cha batri. Kulipiritsa mwayi panthawi yopuma kumapangitsa kuti ziziyenda mpaka kalekale.

Yendetsani kuwerengetsera kwa TCO pakadutsa zaka 10-ndipo lifiyamu imapambana ndi 25-40%, kutengera kwambiri mitengo yamagetsi ya m'deralo ndi ndalama za ogwira ntchito. Ntchito zosintha katatu zimawona kubweza m'miyezi 18-24. Ntchito zosinthira kamodzi sizingafikire kubweza, ndichifukwa chake ndimafunsa nthawi zonse zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndisanavomereze chilichonse.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi pansipa -20 digiri zimapereka zovuta zapadera zomwe zimayenera kukambirana mosiyana.

Mapaketi okhazikika a lithiamu amatha kuchepetsedwa mphamvu pakatentha pang'ono-nthawi zina kutayika kwa 30-40% pa -25 degrees . Ma ionic conductivity a electrolyte amachepetsa kwambiri. Kukana kwamkati kumawonjezeka. Kuyesa kulipiritsa paketi yozizira kwambiri kuyika chiwopsezo cha lithiamu plating pa anode, yomwe imawononga mpaka kalekale ma cell ndikupanga zoopsa zachitetezo.

Cholinga-mabatire osungira ozizira amakhala ndi zida zotenthetsera zomwe zimayamba kugwira ntchito isanayambike. Mapangidwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotenthetsera zopinga; ena amazungulira zoziziritsa kutenthedwa. Phukusili silingavomereze kulipiritsa mpaka kutentha kwa ma cell kupitilira pamlingo wocheperako, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 0 digiri.

Izi zimawonjezera zovuta, mtengo, ndi zolephera zomwe zingatheke. Koma njira ina-yotulutsa mabatire ku kutentha kozungulira isanayimbidwe{2}}kulepheretsa ubwino wa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kamene kamapangitsa kuti lifiyamu isungidwe m'malo mwake.

Pulagi-ndi-kutsatsa kwamasewera sikunena nkhani yonse.

Kugawa kulemera kumakhudza kwambiri ma forklifts osagwirizana. Lead{{1}mabatire a asidi amagwira ntchito ngati ballast yofunikira; galimotoyo imapangidwa mozungulira kuzungulira misa imeneyo. Mapaketi a lithiamu amalemera 50-70% zochepa. Opanga ambiri amawonjezera mbale zachitsulo kuti alipirire, koma izi zimafunikira uinjiniya woyenera. Ndawonapo kusinthika kosasinthika komwe magalimoto adakhala osakhazikika atanyamula.

Kugwirizana ndi ma charger sikutsimikizirikanso. Malead{{1}ma charger a asidi amagwiritsa ntchito ma profailo ochajitsa osiyanasiyana-zambiri, mayamwidwe, magawo olingana-zomwe zingawononge ma cell a lithiamu. Mufunika zida zochazira za lithiamu-zapadera za CC-zokhotakhota za CV ndi kulumikizana kwa BMS.

Miyeso yokwera nthawi zina imagwira ntchito, nthawi zina sizitero. Kusintha kagawo ka batri sizachilendo.

Kwa aliyense amene akugula mabatire, mawonekedwe owongolera akuphatikiza:

UN38.3 yachitetezo cha mayendedwe (yovomerezeka pakutumiza)

IEC 62619 yophimba mabatire a lithiamu mafakitale makamaka

UL 2580 m'misika yaku North America

Chizindikiro cha CE kutumizidwa ku Europe

Osavomereza mabatire popanda zolemba zoyenera. Uku sikungoteteza mlandu wokha{1}}ndikutsimikizira kuti wina adayesadi malonda asanagulitse.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Chimodzi mwazabwino zenizeni: mapaketi a lithiamu amafunikira pafupifupi kusamalidwa mwachizolowezi.

Palibe kuthirira. Palibe kulipira kofanana. Palibe asidi neutralization. Palibe dzimbiri lakutsogolo kuti muyeretse. BMS imagwiritsa ntchito kusanja basi.

Zomwe muyenera kuchita: kuyang'ana nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kuwunika momwe zolumikizira zilili, ndikuwunikanso deta kuchokera pamakina owunikira. Mapulogalamu ambiri oyang'anira zombo amatha kuyika ma cell omwe akuwonetsa zolakwika zisanakhale zovuta.

Kuwunika ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira. Machitidwewa amapanga deta yochuluka yowunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kumawonjezera moyo wa paketi; kunyalanyaza kumatanthauza kuchotsa mabatire msangamsanga.

Kulipira mwayi kumasintha momwe magwiridwe antchito amaganizira za kasamalidwe ka zida.

Mabatire a lead{{0}acid amakonda kutulutsa-nthawi yachaji. Kulipiritsa pang'ono kumapangitsa kukumbukira komanso zovuta za stratification. Muyenera kukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito batri yanu.

Ma cell a lithiamu amakonda kuzungulira pang'ono. Kulipiritsa kuyambira 40% mpaka 80% panthawi yopuma ndikwabwino-ndikopindulitsa. Kusunga ndalama pakati pa 20% ndi 80% kumakulitsa moyo wozungulira. Mumasiya kuganiza za kasamalidwe ka batri ngati ntchito yosawerengeka ndikuyamba kuiwona ngati ntchito yakumbuyo.

Izi zimathandiza kuti{0}}zigwire ntchito nthawi zambiri popanda kusintha mabatire. Phukusi limodzi, galimoto imodzi, 24-maola 24. Zotsatira za zokolola m'malo ochita zinthu zambiri zimakhala zazikulu.

Njira zolephera zodziwika bwino zomwe muyenera kuzimvetsetsa:

Kulephera kwa BMSperekani kuchuluka kodabwitsa kwa zonena za chitsimikizo. Zamagetsi zimakhala m'malo ovuta-kugwedezeka, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, phokoso lamagetsi kuchokera kumagetsi. Ubwino umasiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa opanga.
Kuwotcherera kwa contactorzimachitika pamene main contactors mphamvu fuse chatsekedwa, kawirikawiri chifukwa inrush zochitika zamakono. Makina opangidwa bwino amaphatikiza{1}}mabwalo oyitanitsa kuti aletse izi. Zopangira zotsika mtengo nthawi zina sizitero.
Kulakwitsa kwa kulumikizanapakati pa BMS ndi wowongolera forklift amatha kusiya magalimoto atasokonekera ngakhale batire yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino. Ntchito za CAN zokhazikitsa mabasi.

Kulephera kwa ma cell kumachitika koma sikuchitika kawirikawiri ndi opanga odziwika. Zikachitika, mapangidwe apaketi a modular amalola m'malo mwa ma module omwe akhudzidwa osati batire yonse.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Mabatire olimba-amakhalabe "kwa zaka zisanu" kwanthawi yayitali kuti agwiritse ntchito magalimoto, koma nthawi yaukadaulo yopangira mphamvu zamafakitale imatenga nthawi yayitali. Makina amakono a electrolyte amadzimadzi amagwira ntchito bwino moti kukakamiza kolowa m'malo kumakhala kochepa.

Zochititsa chidwi zapafupi-zikuphatikizansopo ma silicon-ma cell anode omwe atha kupitilira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kupitirira 200Wh/kg, ndikuchepetsanso mtengo akamakula. Battery-monga--model zantchito zikuchulukirachulukira, makamaka pazinthu zing'onozing'ono zomwe sizingawononge ndalama zambiri.

Njira yake ndi yomveka. Kugulitsa kwatsopano kwa forklift kukuchulukirachulukira kukusintha kwa lithiamu. Lead{{2}asidi sizizimiririka m'nthawi yomweyo{3}}pali malo oikikapo ambiri ndipo ukadaulo ukadali wothandiza pazachuma{{4}zogwiritsa ntchito zochepera-koma kusintha kwadutsa poyambira.

Kaya ukadaulo uwu ndi womveka pa ntchito inayake zimatengera mwatsatanetsatane: maola ogwiritsira ntchito, masinthidwe osinthika, momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera, kupezeka kwachuma, komanso zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito. Palibe yankho lililonse. Koma kumvetsetsa momwe makinawa amagwirira ntchito{2}}kupitilira zotsatsa{3}}ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira popanga chisankho mwanzeru.